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Co-occurrence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease by social class: 1958 British birth cohort
  1. C Power1,
  2. K Atherton1,
  3. O Manor2
  1. 1
    Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
  2. 2
    School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
  1. Professor C Power, Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UCL Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK; c.power{at}ich.ucl.ac.uk

Abstract

Aim: To establish whether social differences in multiple risk factors for cardiovascular disease are due to a greater strength of association (higher correlation) between risk factors in less advantaged groups.

Methods: Co-occurrence of five risk factors (smoking, hypertension, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, obesity, diabetes) in 3614 British 45-year-old men and 3560 women in the manual and non-manual social groups.

Results: 4.0% of women in manual groups had ⩾3 risk factors compared with 1.7% in non-manual groups: 6.2% and 3.4% respectively for men. There was a higher than expected percentage of the population, overall, with ⩾3 risk factors assuming independence between risk factors; correspondingly, there was a slightly lower than expected proportion with one factor. However, patterns of observed to expected ratios were consistent in manual and non-manual groups and did not differ by the number of risk factors.

Conclusions: Higher prevalence of multiple risk factors in manual groups was due to the higher prevalence of individual factors rather than a greater tendency of those with an individual risk factor to have additional risks. Strategies to reduce multiple risk factors in less advantaged groups would help to lessen their health burden.

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Footnotes

  • Funding: Medical Research Council Health of the Public initiative (grant G000934).

  • Competing interests: None.

  • Ethics approval: Ethical approval for the medical examination of the British 1958 Birth Cohort was obtained from South East Multi-Centre Research Ethics Committee.

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