Studies of the relationship between hysterectomy use and sociodemographic factors tend to use self-reported data. In the current study, data were collected from a representative sample of US women who have been prospectively followed since 1971. Hysterectomy status was obtained by self-report and from hospital records. Although these two measures of hysterectomy were highly related, more women reported hysterectomy than could be confirmed by hospital records. The two measures showed similar associations between several obstetric and demographic characteristics and hysterectomy status, suggesting that the use of self-reported hysterectomy data does not bias analyses of potentially associated factors.