Many studies have identified physicians' recommendation as the single most important predictor of mammography use. Health services utilization is a complex phenomenon, and the contribution of the different dimensions of health services utilization on mammography use is underresearched. This study examines the specific contribution of health services utilization variables in a multivariate model of the recency of mammography use for women aged 50 to 59 years. Subjects were respondents of the 1987 Québec Health Survey. Survey data were then linked on an individual basis to the respondent's records of Medicare physicians' claims for health care services for the 3 years before the survey. This unique data set enabled the inclusion of sociodemographic variables, risk factors, health status, healthy lifestyles, and women's patterns of utilization of general and gynecologic health care services. Multivariate predictors of the recency of mammography are: having an education higher than high school, working outside home, not living in a remote area, suffering from benign breast disease, and not perceiving one's own health as good. The volume of general and gynecologic medical care is associated with the recency of mammography in independent logistic models that include women's predisposing, enabling, and need factors. This study shows that even in a universal third-party payer health care system, physicians are missing opportunities to promote breast cancer screening.