The target of this study is to describe the prevalence and the associated factors to the smoking consumption in a sample of schoolchildren. During the academic year 1991-92 were administered 1,816 surveys among students of 13 and 18 years-old, whom corresponded to 7th and 8th EGB courses and all courses of BUP, COU and FP grades. The survey, include five Barcelona schools and one of Raimat (Lleida). The total rate of regular smokers was 28.6%, without differences between sex. The associated variables to smoking daily consumption in the bivariate analysis were to be more than 15 years old (OR = 3.5), to be student of FP grades (OR = 2.5), the low socioeconomic level (OR = 1.4), the influence of other smokers in the environment of the student (OR = 1.6), the advantageous attitudes the smoking consumption (OR = 37.0), a little level of physical activity (OR = 2.1), the alcohol associated consumption (OR = 15.1), and the greater responsibility of weekly own money (OR = 2.4). In the multivariate analysis stays the effect of all these variables, less for the socioeconomic level. In conclusion our results are consistent with previous studies and reinforce the necessity of approaching these factors in the preventive smoking programs in schoolchildren.