In this study, the hypothesis that bad socio-economic conditions in childhood may increase the probability of coronary heart disease in adulthood is examined. The study is based partly on the data of the East-West Study in Finland, which is part of the Seven Countries Study. The study began with 823 men in Eastern Finland and 888 men in Western Finland in 1959. The mortality and morbidity of the cohorts were followed from 1959 to 1974. Risk factors were measured in medical examinations in 1959, 1964, 1969 and 1974. Parents of those included in the sample were traced by using parish registers from 1900 to 1919. Over 90% of those in the East-West Study were found. The parents' socio-economic position (socio-economic conditions in childhood) was determined. According to our findings, the relative risks of coronary death, myocardial infarction and ischemic heart disease are systematically increased for those born landless in East Finland. Variables partly explaining the increased risk were body height and smoking. The effect of cholesterol was negligible.