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Short Inter-pregnancy Intervals, Parity, Excessive Pregnancy Weight Gain and Risk of Maternal Obesity

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Abstract

To investigate the relationship among parity, length of the inter-pregnancy intervals and excessive pregnancy weight gain in the first pregnancy and the risk of obesity. Using a prospective cohort study of 3,422 non-obese, non-pregnant US women aged 14–22 years at baseline, adjusted Cox models were used to estimate the association among parity, inter-pregnancy intervals, and excessive pregnancy weight gain in the first pregnancy and the relative hazard rate (HR) of obesity. Compared to nulliparous women, primiparous women with excessive pregnancy weight gain in the first pregnancy had a HR of obesity of 1.79 (95 % CI 1.40, 2.29); no significant difference was seen between primiparous without excessive pregnancy weight gain in the first pregnancy and nulliparous women. Among women with the same pregnancy weight gain in the first pregnancy and the same number of inter-pregnancy intervals (12 and 18 months or ≥18 months), the HR of obesity increased 2.43-fold (95 % CI 1.21, 4.89; p = 0.01) for every additional inter-pregnancy interval of <12 months; no significant association was seen for longer inter-pregnancy intervals. Among women with the same parity and inter-pregnancy interval pattern, women with excessive pregnancy weight gain in the first pregnancy had an HR of obesity 2.41 times higher (95 % CI 1.81, 3.21; p < 0.001) than women without. Primiparous and nulliparous women had similar obesity risk unless the primiparous women had excessive pregnancy weight gain in the first pregnancy, then their risk of obesity was greater. Multiparous women with the same excessive pregnancy weight gain in the first pregnancy and at least one additional short inter-pregnancy interval had a significant risk of obesity after childbirth. Perinatal interventions that prevent excessive pregnancy weight gain in the first pregnancy or lengthen the inter-pregnancy interval are necessary for reducing maternal obesity.

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Acknowledgments

This publication was made possible by the Case Western Reserve University/Cleveland Clinic CTSA Grant Number UL1 RR024989 from the National Center for Research Resources, a component of the National Institutes of Health and NIH roadmap for Medical Research. Dr. Esa Davis was supported by a Harold Amos Medical Faculty Award from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Grant #053501. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official view of NCRR or NIH or RWJ. This study has not received any funding support from a commercial organization.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 230 McKee Place, Suite 600, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA

    Esa M. Davis

  2. Center for Clinical Investigation, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA

    Denise C. Babineau & Xuelei Wang

  3. Department of Family Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA

    Esa M. Davis & Stephen Zyzanski

  4. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA

    Barbara Abrams

  5. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Lisa M Bodnar

  6. GalaxoSmithKline, Inc., Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Ralph I Horwitz

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  1. Esa M. Davis
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  2. Denise C. Babineau
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  3. Xuelei Wang
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  4. Stephen Zyzanski
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  5. Barbara Abrams
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  6. Lisa M Bodnar
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  7. Ralph I Horwitz
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Correspondence to Esa M. Davis.

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Davis, E.M., Babineau, D.C., Wang, X. et al. Short Inter-pregnancy Intervals, Parity, Excessive Pregnancy Weight Gain and Risk of Maternal Obesity. Matern Child Health J 18, 554–562 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-013-1272-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-013-1272-3

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