Model 1 OR (95% CI) | Model 2 OR (95% CI) | |||
Boys (n=3992) | Girls (n=4137) | Boys (n=3992) | Girls (n=4137) | |
Sport and active games | ||||
Verbal ability | 0.87 (0.81 to 0.94) | 0.80 (0.74 to 0.87) | 0.91 (0.84 to 0.99) | 0.81 (0.74 to 0.88) |
Non-verbal ability | 0.96 (0.90 to 1.03) | 1.00 (0.94 to 1.07) | 1.02 (0.95 to 1.10) | 1.05 (0.99 to 1.13) |
Spatial ability | 0.86 (0.80 to 0.92) | 0.92 (0.86 to 0.98) | 0.88 (0.82 to 0.95) | 0.96 (0.89 to 1.03) |
Reading for enjoyment | ||||
Verbal ability | 1.52 (1.40 to 1.64) | 1.46 (1.34 to 1.58) | 1.47 (1.35 to 1.60) | 1.48 (1.36 to 1.62) |
Non-verbal ability | 1.17 (1.10 to 1.25) | 1.07 (1.00 to 1.14) | 1.07 (1.00 to 1.15) | 1.01 (0.95 to 1.08) |
Spatial ability* | 1.17 (1.10 to 1.26) | 1.07 (0.99 to 1.14) | 1.03 (0.95 to 1.11) | 0.95 (0.88 to 1.03) |
Gaming on PC/games console | ||||
Verbal ability* | 0.94 (0.87 to 1.02) | 0.80 (0.74 to 0.87) | 0.93 (0.86 to 1.02) | 0.79 (0.72 to 0.86) |
Non-verbal ability | 0.99 (0.92 to 1.06) | 0.97 (0.91 to 1.03) | 0.99 (0.92 to 1.07) | 1.00 (0.93 to 1.07) |
Spatial ability | 1.00 (0.93 to 1.07) | 0.98 (0.91 to 1.05) | 1.02 (0.95 to 1.10) | 1.05 (0.97 to 1.13) |
Online messaging | ||||
Verbal ability* | 1.00 (0.91 to 1.10) | 1.05 (0.96 to 1.15) | 1.07 (0.96 to 1.18) | 1.06 (0.96 to 1.17) |
Non-verbal ability* | 0.88 (0.81 to 0.96) | 1.01 (0.95 to 1.09) | 0.89 (0.0.81 to 0.98) | 1.02 (0.94 to 1.09) |
Spatial ability* | 0.90 (0.83 to 0.98) | 0.98 (0.90 to 1.05) | 0.92 (0.84 to 1.01) | 0.95 (0.88 to 1.04) |
ORs reflect the likelihood of regular participation in each activity per 1 SD increase in cognition score. For sport and active games, reading for enjoyment, gaming on PC/games console, this reflects participation on most days. For online messaging, this reflects participation at least once a month.
Model 1 included only one cognitive measure as an exposure per regression and adjusted for age, maternal smoking status during pregnancy, income, maternal qualifications, ethnicity and strengths and difficulties score.
Model 2 adjusted for variables in model 1 and included all cognitive scores at ages 3–11 as exposure measures.
*Significant sex interaction detected (P<0.05).
PC, personal computer.