ORs with 95% CIs for associations between incidence of prefrailty and frailty with vision impairment in English men and women aged 60 years and over in 2004 followed-up for 4 years to 2008
| Good vision | Poor vision | |
| No prevalent frailty at baseline | n=1303 | n=93 |
| Prefrail or frail at follow-up, n (%) | 324 (25) | 43 (46) |
| Models for adjustment | OR | OR (95% CI) |
| Age-adjusted and sex-adjusted | 1.00 | 2.07 (1.32–3.24) |
| Multi-adjusted* | 1.00 | 1.86 (1.17–2.95) |
| Prefrail at baseline | n=1010 | n=168 |
| Frail at follow-up, n (%) | 107 (11) | 26 (16) |
| Models for adjustment | OR | OR (95% CI) |
| Age-adjusted and sex-adjusted | 1.00 | 1.34 (0.82–2.19) |
*Multi-adjusted=adjusted for age, sex, wealth, education, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, falls, cognition, depression.