Age, sex, socioeconomic and lifestyle characteristics, comorbidities and falls and prevalence of non-frailty, prefrailty and frailty in a cohort of English men and women aged 60 years and over in 2004 (baseline)
| Overall | Good vision | Poor vision | p Value | |
| Totals, (n)% | 2836 (100) | 2497 (88) | 339 (12) | |
| Covariates | ||||
| Age in years, (n)% | ||||
| 60–69 | 1526 (54) | 1400 (56) | 126(37) | <0.01 |
| 70–79 | 1012 (36) | 865 (35) | 147 (43) | |
| 80+ | 298 (11) | 232 (9) | 66 (20) | |
| Male gender, (n)% | 1584 (56) | 1121 (45) | 131 (39) | 0.03 |
| Wealth, (n)% | ||||
| 1 (lowest) | 396 (14) | 309 (13) | 87 (26) | <0.01 |
| 2 | 541 (19) | 452 (18) | 89 (27) | |
| 3 | 562 (20) | 505 (20) | 57 (17) | |
| 4 | 615 (22) | 563 (23) | 52 (16) | |
| 5 (highest) | 690 (24) | 643 (26) | 47 (14) | |
| No educational qualification, (n)% | 1086 (38) | 915 (37) | 171 (50) | <0.01 |
| Smoker, (n)% | 308 (11) | 250 (10) | 58 (17) | <0.01 |
| Body mass index, mean±SD | 27.8 (4.6) | 27.7 (4.5) | 28.3 (4.8) | 0.03 |
| Hypertension, (n)% | 1302 (46) | 1123 (45) | 179 (53) | <0.01 |
| Cardiovascular disease, (n)% | 499 (18) | 400 (16) | 99 (29) | <0.01 |
| Diabetes, (n)% | 251 (9) | 197 (8) | 54 (16) | <0.01 |
| Cognitive function, mean±SD | 13.7 (3.3) | 13.9 (3.3) | 12.8 (3.2) | <0.01 |
| Depression symptoms, (n)% | 653 (23) | 536 (22) | 117 (35) | <0.01 |
| History of falls, (n)% | 882 (31) | 742 (30) | 140 (41) | <0.01 |
| Frailty prevalence at baseline (2004), n(%) | ||||
| Non-frail, n(%) | 1396 (49) | 1303 (52) | 93 (27) | <0.01 |
| Prefrail, n(%) | 1178 (42) | 1010 (40) | 168 (50) | <0.01 |
| Frail, n(%) | 262 (9) | 184 (7) | 78 (23) | <0.01 |