Regression coefficients (95% CIs) for association between age at first birth and cardiovascular risk factors at age 44/45 years, accounting for early life and adult social and behavioural factors in the NCDS
| Adjusted for early life factors | Adjusted for adult social and behavioural factors | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <20 years | 20–24 years | 25–29 years | 30–34 years | >34 years | P gender difference | P trend | <20 years | 20–24 years | 25–29 years | 30–34 years | >34 years | P gender difference | P trend | |
| BMI | ||||||||||||||
| Men | 1.14 (0.37 to 1.90) | Ref | −0.24 (−0.60 to 0.12) | −0.37 (−0.78 to 0.05) | −0.70 (−1.14 to −0.25) | 0.010 | <0.001 | 1.08 (0.32 to 1.85) | Ref | −0.36 (−0.72 to 0.01) | −0.39 (−0.82 to 0.04) | −0.74 (−1.20 to −0.28) | 0.023 | <0.001 |
| Women | 0.19 (−0.34 to 0.73) | Ref | −0.82 (−1.26 to −0.39) | −1.36 (−1.91 to −0.80) | −1.64 (−2.28 to −0.99) | <0.001 | −0.03 (−0.57 to 0.51) | Ref | −0.57 (−1.02 to −0.12) | −1.03 (−1.62 to −0.45) | 1.41 (−2.08 to −0.74) | <0.001 | ||
| Waist:hip ratio | ||||||||||||||
| Men | 0.01 (0.001 to 0.02) | Ref | −0.01 (−0.01 to −0.0002) | −0.01 (−0.01, −0.001) | −0.01 (−0.02 to −0.01) | 0.933 | <0.001 | 0.01 (−0.001 to 0.02) | Ref | −0.003 (−0.01 to 0.003) | −0.004 (−0.01 to 0.003) | −0.01 (−0.02 to −0.004) | 0.746 | <0.001 |
| Women | 0.01 (0.0004 to 0.01) | Ref | −0.01 (−0.01 to −0.002) | −0.01 (−0.02, −0.002) | −0.01 (−0.02 to −0.01) | <0.001 | −0.0002 (−0.01 to 0.01) | Ref | −0.002 (−0.01 to 0.003) | −0.003 (−0.01 to 0.003) | −0.01 (−0.02 to −0.0001) | 0.066 | ||
| SBP | ||||||||||||||
| Men | 2.57 (−0.22 to 5.37) | Ref | −0.26 (−1.57 to 1.06) | −0.40 (−1.95, 1.16) | −3.16 (−4.81 to −1.52) | 0.882 | <0.001 | 2.48 (−0.29 to 5.26) | Ref | −0.21 (−1.56 to 1.14) | −0.22 (−1.82 to 1.39) | −2.99 (−4.68 to −1.29) | 0.856 | <0.001 |
| Women | 1.23 (−0.43 to 2.89) | Ref | −0.64 (−1.97 to 0.68) | −1.23 (−3.01, 0.54) | −2.94 (−4.95 to −0.94) | <0.001 | 1.07 (−0.62 to 2.76) | Ref | −0.60 (−1.97 to 0.76) | −1.30 (−3.15 to 0.54) | −3.08 (−5.18 to −0.98) | 0.001 | ||
| DBP | ||||||||||||||
| Men | 2.07 (0.08 to 4.07) | Ref | −0.08 (−1.03 to 0.86) | 0.04 (−1.05, 1.14) | −2.40 (−3.57 to −1.22) | 0.656 | <0.001 | 2.02 (0.04 to 4.00) | Ref | −0.25 (−1.21 to 0.71) | −0.07 (−1.19 to 1.05) | −2.55 (−3.75 to −1.36) | 0.781 | <0.001 |
| Women | 1.02 (−0.07 to 2.11) | Ref | −0.31 (−1.18 to 0.56) | −0.25 (−1.41, 0.90) | −1.55 (−2.87 to −0.23) | 0.002 | 0.95 (−0.16 to 2.06) | Ref | −0.30 (−1.19 to 0.60) | −0.27 (−1.48 to 0.93) | −1.69 (−3.08 to −0.31) | 0.005 | ||
| HDL cholesterol | ||||||||||||||
| Men | −0.04 (−0.11 to 0.02) | Ref | 0.02 (−0.01 to 0.05) | 0.02 (−0.02 to 0.05) | 0.01 (−0.03 to 0.05) | <0.001 | 0.241 | −0.05 (−0.11 to 0.02) | Ref | 0.01 (−0.02 to 0.04) | 0.01 (−0.03 to 0.04) | 0.01 (−0.03 to 0.05) | <0.001 | 0.241 |
| Women | −0.02 (−0.07 to 0.02) | Ref | 0.04 (0.001 to 0.07) | 0.09 (0.04 to 0.14) | 0.14 (0.09 to 0.19) | 0.020 | 0.004 (−0.04 to 0.05) | Ref | 0.01 (−0.03 to 0.04) | 0.06 (0.01 to 0.10) | 0.10 (0.04 to 0.15) | 0.001 | ||
| Triglycerides* | ||||||||||||||
| Men | −1.49 (−11.67 to 9.85) | Ref | −1.48 (−6.58 to 3.91) | −3.44 (−9.19 to 2.68) | −6.74 (−12.56 to −0.53) | 0.081 | <0.001 | −1.19 (−11.45 to 10.25) | Ref | −0.79 (−6.04 to 4.76) | −2.65 (−8.69v 3.77) | −5.56 (−11.68 to 0.97) | 0.334 | 0.074 |
| Women | 9.76 (3.61 to 16.27) | Ref | −4.86 (−9.10 to −0.43) | −6.86 (−12.33 to −1.05) | −12.96 (−18.86 to −6.63) | <0.001 | 4.53 (−1.38 to 10.78) | Ref | −0.93 (−5.42 to 3.78) | −2.73 (−8.63 to 3.56) | −7.42 (−13.91 to −0.45) | 0.011 | ||
| HbA1c* | ||||||||||||||
| Men | −1.91 (−3.93 to 0.15) | Ref | −1.28 (−3.72 to −0.27) | −2.07 (−3.22 to −0.92) | −2.15 (−3.34 to −0.92) | 0.229 | 0.002 | −1.95 (−3.95 to 0.10) | Ref | −0.53 (−1.55 to 0.49) | −1.24 (−2.42 to -0.05) | −1.68 (−2.91 to −0.43) | 0.369 | 0.068 |
| Women | 1.05 (0.03 to 2.06) | Ref | −0.35 (−1.13 to 0.44) | −0.72 (−1.76 to 0.32) | −1.30 (−2.49 to −0.10) | 0.001 | 0.40 (−0.61 to 1.42) | Ref | 0.20 (−0.60 to 1.01) | −0.16 (−1.24 to 0.93) | −0.73 (−1.97 to 0.53) | 0.337 | ||
| CRP* | ||||||||||||||
| Men | 15.62 (−4.74 to 40.35) | Ref | −13.19 (−20.94 to −4.69) | −16.35 (−24.91 to −6.80) | −17.17 (−27.04 to −7.24) | 0.754 | <0.001 | 10.42 (−8.72 to 33.57) | Ref | −6.06 (−14.44 to 3.14) | −9.43 (−18.82 to 1.05) | −20.83 (−20.50 to 0.01) | 0.698 | 0.045 |
| Women | 12.05 (−1.58 to 27.57) | Ref | −14.67 (−22.96 to −5.48) | −9.56 (−20.96, 3.49) | −21.06 (−32.36 to −7.89) | <0.001 | 3.84 (−8.95 to 18.42) | Ref | −8.83 (−17.90 to 1.24) | −1.85 (−14.68 to 12.92) | -14.82 (-27.46, 0.02) | 0.089 | ||
| Fibrinogen* | ||||||||||||||
| Men | −0.18 (−3.76 to 3.53) | Ref | −2.05 (−3.77 to −0.31) | −2.79 (−4.75 to −0.79) | −4.10 (−6.13 to −2.03) | 0.193 | <0.001 | −0.84 (−4.31 to 2.75) | Ref | −0.27 (−2.00 to 1.50) | −1.17 (−13.17 to 0.88) | −2.54 (−4.62 to −0.42) | 0.490 | 0.073 |
| Women | 1.66 (−0.59 to 3.97) | Ref | −1.31 (−3.04 to 0.46) | −3.31 (−5.56 to −1.00) | −6.18 (−8.69 to −3.60) | <0.001 | 0.03 (−2.19 to 2.30) | Ref | 0.05 (−1.73 to 1.86) | −1.92 (−4.27 to 0.48) | −4.75 (−7.37 to −2.05) | 0.003 | ||
| vWF* | ||||||||||||||
| Men | −1.90 (−7.95 to 4.54) | Ref | 1.01 (−1.82 to 4.41) | −3.92 (−7.27 to −0.45) | −0.31 (-3.96, 3.47) | 0.376 | 0.352 | −2.04 (−8.18 to 4.42) | Ref | 2.21 (−0.95 to 5.47) | −2.98 (−6.49 to 0.65) | 0.60 (−3.21 to 4.56) | 0.435 | 0.728 |
| Women | −1.58 (−5.12 to 2.09) | Ref | −2.12 (−4.91 to 0.76) | −5.95 (−9.49 to −2.26) | −5.83 (−9.90 to −1.56) | 0.004 | −2.55 (−6.12 to 1.12) | Ref | −1.19 (−4.09 to 1.81) | −4.84 (−8.59 to -0.93) | −4.75 (−9.06 to −0.23) | 0.128 | ||
*Regression results presented as % difference as outcomes were positively skewed and hence log-transformed for analyses.
BMI, body mass index; CRP, C reactive protein; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; NCDS, National Child Development Study; SBP, systolic blood pressure; vWF, von Willebrand Factor.