SEI | ||
---|---|---|
Explanatory factor | Mean | 95% CI |
Wave 1/2 | ||
SRH | ||
Stable good | 3.80 | 3.69 to 3.91 |
Good→poor | 4.99*** | 4.68 to 5.30 |
Poor→good | 4.93*** | 4.61 to 5.25 |
Stable poor | 5.75*** | 5.54 to 6.96 |
LLTI | ||
Stable no LLTI | 3.83 | 3.72 to 3.95 |
LLTI onset | 4.50*** | 4.19 to 4.82 |
LLTI recovery | 4.47*** | 4.20 to 4.73 |
Stable LLTI | 5.34*** | 5.16 to 5.51 |
GHQ | ||
Stable low | 4.13 | 4.02 to 4.24 |
Low→high | 4.99*** | 4.68 to 5.30 |
High→low | 4.86*** | 4.54 to 5.17 |
Stable high | 5.87*** | 5.54 to 6.19 |
Wave 1 | ||
Gender | ||
Female | 4.60 | 4.47 to 4.72 |
Male | 4.20*** | 4.08 to 4.32 |
Age (years) | ||
<75 | 4.04 | 3.94 to 4.14 |
≥75 | 5.19*** | 4.99 to 5.39 |
Ethnicity | ||
White | 4.40 | 4.30 to 4.49 |
Non-white | 5.26** | 4.71 to 5.81 |
Country of birth | ||
UK | 4.39 | 4.29 to 4.49 |
Elsewhere | 4.80* | 4.43 to 5.18 |
Marital status | ||
Married | 3.68 | 3.56 to 3.79 |
Living as a couple | 3.89 | 3.38 to 4.41 |
Single never married | 6.36*** | 5.95 to 6.77 |
Separated or divorced | 5.78*** | 5.54 to 6.03 |
Widowed | 5.75*** | 5.54 to 5.95 |
Job status | ||
In work | 3.77 | 3.58 to 3.96 |
Not in work | 4.51*** | 4.40 to 4.62 |
Education | ||
Degree | 3.07 | 2.87 to 3.27 |
Other higher | 3.60** | 3.36 to 3.84 |
A level | 3.93*** | 3.70 to 4.16 |
GCSE | 3.68*** | 3.46 to 3.90 |
Other | 4.71*** | 4.50 to 4.92 |
None | 5.41*** | 5.23 to 5.59 |
Social class | ||
Man and Prof | 3.61 | 3.46 to 3.77 |
Intermediate | 4.22*** | 4.00 to 4.44 |
Small emp. and own acc. | 4.48*** | 4.16 to 4.80 |
Lower supervisory and tech. | 4.80*** | 4.51 to 5.10 |
Semiroutine and routine | 5.09*** | 4.93 to 5.26 |
Never had a job | 4.65*** | 4.25 to 5.05 |
Government office region | ||
South East | 3.93 | 3.64 to 4.22 |
North East | 4.66** | 4.30 to 5.02 |
North West | 4.61** | 4.28 to 4.94 |
Yorkshire and the Humber | 4.41* | 4.13 to 4.69 |
East Midlands | 4.80*** | 4.45 to 5.15 |
West Midlands | 4.57** | 4.22 to 4.91 |
East of England | 4.16 | 3.96 to 4.36 |
London | 4.40* | 4.09 to 4.71 |
South West | 4.22 | 3.90 to 4.54 |
Scotland | 4.59* | 4.17 to 5.01 |
Wales | 4.72** | 4.37 to 5.07 |
Northern Ireland | 4.76** | 4.22 to 5.29 |
Area type | ||
Urban | 4.41 | 4.29 to 4.53 |
Rural | 4.43 | 4.24 to 4.61 |
Car access | ||
Yes | 3.92 | 3.83 to 4.02 |
No | 6.30*** | 6.07 to 6.53 |
Mobile phone | ||
Yes | 4.09 | 3.99 to 4.19 |
No | 5.50*** | 5.27 to 5.73 |
Internet use | ||
Often | 3.41 | 3.29 to to 3.54 |
Sometimes | 3.77** | 3.55 to 3.99 |
Never | 5.14*** | 5.01 to 5.27 |
unweighted N; weighted means.
Linear regression models test for significance of mean differences: * p<0.05, ** p<0.01, *** p<0.001.
GHQ, 12 item General Health Questionnaire; LLTI, limiting long-term illness/disability; SEI, Social Exclusion Index; SRH, self-rated health.