Growth models. 2009–2012 recorded financial fraud rates (per 1000 people). A priori control
| Parameter | Financial fraud (SE) | |
|---|---|---|
| Linear trend | Quadratic trend | |
| Baseline (year 2009) | 0.502 (0.277) | |
| Trend (2009–2012)* | −0.200 (0.115) | 0.031 (0.014) |
| p=0.399 | p=0.171 | |
| Effect on intercept | ||
| No policy | Ref | |
| Low policy | −0.860 (0.186) | |
| Medium | −0.172 (0.151) | |
| High policy | 0.750 (0.200) | |
| p<0.001 | ||
| Deprivation | 6.409 (1.085) | |
| p<0.001 | ||
| Population at baseline | −0.598 (0.065) | |
| p<0.001 | ||
| Outlet density at baseline | 0.009 (0.003) | |
| p<0.001 | ||
| Alcohol-related hospital admissions at baseline | −0.008 (0.002) | |
| p<0.001 | ||
| Effects on slope | ||
| Low policy | 0.422 (0.077) | −0.047 (0.009) |
| Medium | 0.167 (0.063) | −0.020 (0.008) |
| High policy | −0.187 (0.083) | 0.020 (0.010) |
| p<0.001 | p<0.001 | |
| Deprivation at baseline | −2.514 (0.449) | 0.074 (0.045) |
| p=0.044 | p<0.001 | |
| Population at baseline | 0.291 (0.027) | −0.033 (0.003) |
| p<0.001 | p<0.001 | |
| Outlet density at baseline | −0.002 (0.001) | 0.000 (0.000) |
| p=0.104 | p=0.028 | |
| Alcohol-related hospital admissions at baseline | 0.002 (0.001) | −0.000 (0.000) |
| p=0.019 | p=0.001 | |
| Variance | Estimates | Explained‡ |
| Intercept | 0.501 | 17% |
| Slope | 0.019 | 7% |
| Residual | 0.058 | 4% |
| 85.3% | ||
*Post-2012 data not included because reporting changed to national level in 2013.