Included study demographic characteristics
| Study | n | Age (years) | Follow-up | Country | Female (%) | Population | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Minimum | Maximum | Mean | SD | Data collection waves | Length (weeks) | |||||
| Psychometrically driven | ||||||||||
| Donohoe et al11 | 33 | 13 | 14 | 3 | 12 | Scotland | 24.2 | Secondary school children | ||
| Fortney et al12 | 30 | 40.5 | 10.1 | 4 | 36 | USA | 60.0 | Primary care clinicians | ||
| Ritchie et al13 | 73 | 12 | 18 | 3 | 52 | Canada | First Nation youth | |||
| Songprakun and McCann14 | 56 | 18 | 58 | 42.1 | 9.7 | 3 | 12 | Thailand | 73.2 | Psychiatric outpatients |
| Definition-driven | ||||||||||
| Boe et al15 | 70 | 34.7 | 9.3 | 4 | 1274 | Norway | 0.0 | Disaster survivors | ||
| Bonanno et al16 | 185 | 65 | 72 | 6.5 | 3 | 72 | USA | Bereaved spouses | ||
| Bonanno et al17 | 185 | 65 | 72 | 6.5 | 3 | 72 | USA | Bereaved spouses | ||
| Ho et al18 | 76 | 21 | 66 | 38.9 | 9.2 | 4 | 52 | China | Hereditary gastrointestinal cancer registry | |
| Jaffee19 | 2065 | 8 | 16 | 10.96 | 4.54 | 3 | 144 | 54.0 | Maltreated children | |
| Mlinac et al20 | 470 | 79.9 | 5.8 | 4 | 192 | USA | 74.9 | Community-dwelling older adults | ||
| Netuveli et al21 | 3581 | 50 | 3 | Varied | UK | 57.2 | Community-dwelling older adults | |||
| Solomon et al22 | 64 | 3 | 1820 | Israel | Veterans; ex-POWs | |||||
| Werner4 | 49 | 4 | 936 | USA | Offspring of alcoholics | |||||
| Data-driven | ||||||||||
| Bonanno and Mancini23 24 | 997 | 42 | 14 | 3 | 52 | China | 61.0 | SARS epidemic survivors | ||
| Bonanno et al25 | 233 | 4 | 104 | Austria, Germany, Ireland, Sweden, Switzerland, UK | 21.90 | Spinal cord injury | ||||
| deRoon-Cassini et al26 | 330 | 40.4 | 15.8 | 4 | 24 | USA | Traumatic injury patients | |||
| Dunn et al27 | 398 | 6 | 24 | USA | 100.0 | Breast cancer surgery patients | ||||
| Dunn et al28 | 252 | 7 | 26 | USA | 53.6 | Oncology patients; family caregivers | ||||
| Galatzer-Levy et al29 | 234 | 21 | 43 | 27.42 | 4.78 | 4 | 208 | USA | 15.4 | Police officers |
| Galatzer-Levy et al30 | 234 | 21 | 43 | 27.42 | 4.78 | 4 | 208 | USA | 15.4 | Police officers |
| Holgersen et al31 | 70 | 4 | 1404 | Norway | 0.0 | Disaster survivors | ||||
| Hou et al32 | 234 | 29 | 82 | 64.44 | 10.55 | 4 | 52 | China | 38.0 | Colorectal cancer |
| Lam et al33 | 285 | 50.6 | 10.1 | 4 | 32 | China | 100.0 | Breast cancer patients | ||
| Lam et al34 | 186 | 56.2 | 9.1 | 4 | 32 | China | 100.0 | Breast cancer survivors | ||
| Larm et al35 | 1432 | 16.5 | 1.47 | 4 | 1300 | Sweden | 33.8 | Clinical substance abuse; general population | ||
| Le Brocque et al36 | 190 | 6 | 16 | 10.7 | 2.31 | 3 | 24 | Australia | 37.0 | Accident victims |
| Murphy and Marelich37 | 111 | 6 | 11 | 8.5 | 1.8 | 4 | 72 | USA | 45.9 | Children of HIV/AIDS diagnosed mothers |
| Norris et al38 39 | 561 | 4 | 72 | Mexico | Flood victims | |||||
| 1267 | 4 | 120 | USA | |||||||
| Nugent et al40 | 201 | 7 | 18 | 12 | 3 | 4 | 144 | USA | Children referred to Family Advocacy Program | |
| Pietrzak et al41 | 10 835 | 45.3 | 9.6 | 3 | 416 | USA | 13.4 | 9/11 responders | ||
| Saad et al42 | 398 | 6 | 24 | USA | 100.0 | Breast cancer surgery patients | ||||
| Self-Brown et al43 | 426 | 8 | 16 | 11.63 | 2.26 | 5 | 100 | USA | 51 | Hurricane Katrina survivors |
| Sterling et al44 | 155 | 18 | 69 | 36.9 | 12.8 | 4 | 52 | Australia | 63 | Whiplash patients |
| Sveen et al45 | 95 | 19 | 89 | 44.7 | 15.5 | 3 | 52 | Sweden | 24.2 | Burn victims |
| Tang et al46 | 447 | 48.9 | 12.6 | 4 | 25 | Taiwan | 67.8 | Caregivers of terminal patients | ||
| Zhu et al47 | 2172 | 45 | 65 | 4 | 312 | USA | 67.0 | Chronic pain | ||
POW, prisoner of war; SARS, severe acute respiratory syndrome.