Characteristics of the study population
| Characteristics*† | 40 target districts | Comparably deprived districts PSM ‘narrow’‡ | Comparably deprived districts PSM ‘broad’‡ | Rest of the Netherlands |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Numbers (n) | ||||
| Four-digit postcodes | 83 | 77 | 303 | 3402 |
| Individuals in total | 1445 | 1574 | 6163 | 44 802 |
| Individuals per half-year (mean±SD) | 90±13.2 | 98±14.7 | 385±32.2 | 2800±287.8 |
| Age (mean±SD) | 46.1±17.5 | 45.6±16.6 | 46.4±16.6 | 47.0±16.8 |
| Sex (%) | ||||
| Female | 52.8 | 54.0 | 52.2 | 50.7 |
| Male | 47.2 | 46.0 | 47.8 | 49.3 |
| Household composition (%) | ||||
| Partner/married with child(ren) | 35.5 | 36.5 | 35.9 | 41.0 |
| Partner/married without child(ren) | 24.6 | 28.9 | 29.8 | 34.8 |
| Single without child(ren) | 27.0 | 24.7 | 25.8 | 18.4 |
| Single with child(ren) | 9.5 | 7.5 | 6.3 | 4.4 |
| Other | 3.4 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 1.4 |
| Ethnicity (%) | ||||
| Ethnic Dutch | 64.0 | 74.0 | 78.6 | 87.5 |
| Non-Dutch, Western | 9.8 | 9.8 | 9.9 | 7.6 |
| Non-Dutch, non-Western | 23.0 | 14.0 | 9.7 | 3.8 |
| Non-Dutch, origin unknown | 3.1 | 2.2 | 1.8 | 1.2 |
| Education (%) | ||||
| Primary | 20.8 | 17.1 | 15.6 | 12.3 |
| Lower secondary | 26.0 | 21.1 | 20.7 | 22.8 |
| Upper secondary | 30.2 | 28.8 | 31.7 | 37.0 |
| Tertiary | 23.0 | 33.1 | 32.1 | 27.9 |
| Income (%) | ||||
| First quintile (<€15 865) | 32.2 | 25.2 | 23.9 | 20.4 |
| Second quintile (€15 865–€20 000) | 24.1 | 21.6 | 20.6 | 20.0 |
| Third quintile (€20 000–€24 404) | 18.0 | 18.9 | 19.9 | 20.0 |
| Fourth quintile (€24 404–€30 900) | 15.0 | 16.3 | 17.6 | 20.0 |
| Fifth quintile (> €30 900) | 10.8 | 18.0 | 18.0 | 19.7 |
*Characteristics represent average values over the period 2004–2011.
†Characteristics are weighted for age, gender, marital status, household size, urbanisation, province, part of the country and month of interview.
‡Control districts that are similar to the target districts with regard to their liveability at the moment the implementation of the District Approach started (mid-2008).
PSM, propensity score matching.