References | First author and year | Population | Vaccine (s) | Inequality | Sample (intervention) | Intervention name | Intervention components | Outcome (effect measures and/or 95% CI) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Identification or targeting of CYP in risk groups | Promotional materials (eg, posters or media campaign) | Education children's parents or young people directly | Patient reminder/recall and/or tracking and surveillance | Outreach (eg, home visits) | HCW training (. allied professionals) | HCW prompts | Additional services (eg, clinics) | Standing Orders* | Community involvement | ||||||||
51 | Findley et al, 2008 | Children 19–35 months | Schedule | Urban, ethnicity, low income | 10 857 (895) | Start right | – | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | – | – | – | Y | 11.1% higher uptake and 53% more likely to be UTD (p<0.01, no CI) |
52 | Fu et al, 2012 | Children aged <24 months | Schedule | Urban, ethnicity, low income | 3945 (1999) | – | – | Y | Y | Y | – | Y | Y | Y | Y | – | 16% increase in uptake to 87% (p<0.001, no CI) |
53 | Suryadevara et al, 2013 | CYP<19 years | Schedule | Low income/deprived | 1531 | – | Y | – | Y | Y | – | – | – | Y | – | Y | Increase in coverage In enrolled children from 28% to 40% |
54 | Isaac et al, 2015 | High-risk infants identified at birth | Schedule | Urban, ethnicity, low income | 9746 (4562) | Family First | Y | – | Y | – | Y | – | – | – | – | – | Intervention risk ratio 1.06 for being UTD (CI 1.03 to 1.08). |
55 | Hambidge et al, 2009 | New-born infants until 15 months old | Schedule | Urban, ethnicity, low income | 811 | – | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | – | – | – | – | – | Intervention OR of 1.6 for being UTD (CI 1.2 to 2.1) |
56 | Cockman et al, 2011 | Children aged 2 years | MMR | Urban, ethnicity, low income | 36 practices | – | Y | – | – | Y | – | Y | Y | Y | – | – | A significant quarterly coverage increase of 1.86% |
57 | Thomas et al, 2008 | Aboriginal infants | 7-valent PCV | Ethnicity | Ecological | – | Y | Y | Y | – | Y | Y | Y | – | – | – | 10% increase in coverage to 50% (no statistical analysis) |
58, 59 | Potts et al., 2014; Sinka et al, 2013. | Girls aged 12–13, with catch-up for under 18s. | HPV | Deprivation | 220 000 | – | Y | Y | – | Y | – | Y | – | Y | – | – | Equal uptake by deprivation quintile for first dose, with uptake reducing for doses 2 and 3. |
60 | Cates et al, 2011 | Girls aged 9–19 | HPV | Urban, low income, ethnicity | 100 counties (4 counties) | – | – | Y | – | – | – | – | Y | – | – | Y | Different responses across intervention sites, no significant difference overall. |
61 | Cates et al, 2014 | Men aged 11–12 | HPV | Urban, low income, ethnicity | 28 counties (13 counties) | Protect Him | – | Y | – | – | – | Y | – | – | – | – | Intervention 34% more likely to be vaccinated (p<0.002), with higher uptake in non-Hispanic black population. |
62 | Moss et al, 2012 | Adolescents aged 12–17 | Schedule | Urban, low income, ethnicity | 17 health centres | AFIX (by proxy) | – | – | – | – | – | Y (to increase use of complex intervention) | – | – | – | – | Intervention 1.1% increase in being UTD across the schedule 1 month later (to 32.2%, p=0.001) |
63 | Chung et al, 2015 | Adolescents aged 11–18 | Tdap, Men, HPV | Urban/rural | 5 counties (1 county, 7 health centres) | – | – | Y | – | Y | – | Y | – | – | – | – | Increase in the first dose HPV in 11–12 year olds (OR 1.21, CI 1.01 to 1.50), quad men (OR 2.23, CI 1.7 to 2.9) and in 13 to 19 year olds HPV vaccine completion in men (OR 1.45, CI 1.02 to 2.05). |
64, 65 | Nowalk et al, 2014; Zimmerman et al, 2014 | CYP aged 6 months to 18 years | Influenza | Ethnicity | 24 practices | Four Pillars | – | Y | – | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | – | Greater increase in uptake in intervention group (9.9% vs 4.2% in controls, p<0.001) and higher in white children (16.7%, p<0.05) |
66 | Logue et al 2011 | Children and adults aged >6 months | Influenza | Urban, low income, ethnicity | 5061 | – | – | Y | – | – | – | Y | Y | – | Y | – | Increase in uptake in 3–8 year olds (15%, p<0.05) and 9–17 year olds (19%, p<0.05), but not younger children. |
*Standing orders allow non-prescribing health professionals to give medicines including vaccinations without a doctor's prescription in certain situations.
CYP, children and young people; HCW, healthcare workers, for example, doctors, nurses or allied health professionals; HPV, human papillomavirus vaccination; MMR, measles, mumps and rubella vaccination; PCV, pneumococcal vaccination; UTD, up-to-date with all recommended vaccines for age.