Table 3

HR (95% CI) for all-cause and cause-specific mortality per 1 SD reduction in grip strength

Men and womenMenWomenGender interaction
Number of participants660127443857
Cause of death ( number of deaths)
Model 1*
 Total mortality (2225)1.17 (1.12 to 1.22)1.18 (1.11 to 1.26)1.16 (1.09 to 1.23)0.91
 Cardiovascular (776)1.21 (1.12 to 1.30)1.22 (1.10 to 1.36)1.19 (1.07 to 1.33)0.98
  Stroke (183)1.26 (1.08 to 1.47)1.35 (1.06 to 1.71)1.22 (0.99 to 1.49)0.76
  IHD (366)1.18 (1.06 to 1.32)1.17 (1.02 to 1.35)1.20 (1.01 to 1.43)0.59
 Cancer (774)1.07 (1.00 to 1.15)1.11 (1.00 to 1.29)1.04 (0.93 to 1.15)0.46
 Respiratory (200)1.35 (1.16 to 1.57)1.34 (1.10 to 1.63)1.39 (1.11 to 1.74)0.69
 External causes (68)1.44 (1.13 to 1.84)1.37 (0.98 to 1.91)1.51 (1.05 to 2.17)0.79
Model 2†
 Total mortality (2225)1.12 (1.07 to 1.17)1.13 (1.06 to 1.20)1.11 (1.04 to 1.19)0.85
 Cardiovascular (776)1.14 (1.06 to 1.23)1.14 (1.03 to 1.27)1.15 (1.03 to 1.29)0.68
  Stroke (183)1.19 (1.02 to 1.39)1.20 (0.95 to 1.53)1.18 (0.95 to 1.45)0.93
  IHD (366)1.11 (1.00 to 1.24)1.11 (0.96 to 1.28)1.15 (0.96 to 1.37)0.41
 Cancer (774)1.05 (0.97 to 1.13)1.09 (0.98 to 1.21)1.03 (0.92 to 1.15)0.40
 Respiratory (200)1.23 (1.06 to 1.44)1.32 (1.06 to 1.65)1.22 (0.96 to 1.55)0.48
 External causes (68)1.37 (1.06 to 1.76)1.30 (0.92 to 1.83)1.47 (0.99 to 2.17)0.79

  • Age 50–80 years at baseline.

  • *Model 1. Adjusted for age, sex and body size (BMI and height).

  • †Model 2. Adjusted for age, sex and body size (BMI and height)+systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglycerides, self-reported general health status, self-reported history of heart attack, stroke, angina, asthma and diabetes, self-reported blood pressure treatment, smoking, leisure-time physical activity and education.

  • BMI, body mass index; IHD, ischaemic heart disease.