Modelled changes in mortality, hospitalisation and prescriptions in KW and non-KW practices comparing preintervention and postintervention periods
| Intervention effect (95% CI) | p Value | Model test statistic | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Percentage change in mortality rates* | R2 | ||
| CHD mortality (KW) | 0.4 (−5.2 to 6.3) | 0.89 | 57.9 |
| CHD mortality (non-KW) | −0.3 (−2.7 to 2.2) | 0.83 | 79.4 |
| CHD mortality (net effect) | 0.4 (−5.1 to 6.3) | 0.88 | 76.3 |
| Stroke mortality (KW) | 6.7 (−2.6 to 16.9) | 0.16 | 45.6 |
| Stroke mortality (non-KW) | −0.2 (−6.7 to 6.7) | 0.95 | 55.2 |
| Stroke mortality (net effect) | 6.9 (−2.2 to 16.9) | 0.14 | 38.5 |
| Percentage change in incident hospitalisation rates* | R2 | ||
| CHD hospitalisations (KW) | −1.1 (−3.4 to 1.3) | 0.37 | 79.5 |
| CHD hospitalisations (non-KW) | −0.05 (−1.8 to 1.7) | 0.96 | 85.1 |
| CHD hospitalisations (net effect) | −1.0 (−3.2 to 1.3) | 0.40 | 86.8 |
| Stroke hospitalisations (KW) | −1.5 (−4.4 to 1.6) | 0.35 | 49.9 |
| Stroke hospitalisations (non-KW) | −0.1 (−1.5 to 1.3) | 0.87 | 47.4 |
| Stroke hospitalisations (net effect) | −1.4 (−4.4 to 1.6) | 0.35 | 39.6 |
| Percentage change in rates of DDDs prescribed* (aggregate level; time series) | R2 | ||
| Statins (KW) | 0.4 (−10.4 to 12.5) | 0.94 | 98.9 |
| Statins (non-KW) | −1.5 (−9.4 to 7.2) | 0.73 | 99.3 |
| Statins (net effect) | 2.2 (−2.7 to 7.36) | 0.39 | 99.9 |
| Antihypertensives (KW) | −2.5 (−12.3 to 8.4) | 0.64 | 95.7 |
| Antihypertensives (non-KW) | −1.6 (−7.1 to 4.3) | 0.60 | 97.6 |
| Antihypertensives (net effect) | −0.3 (−4.5 to 4.0) | 0.88 | 99.5 |
| Antiplatelets (KW) | −0.9 (−6.5 to 5.0) | 0.76 | 78.6 |
| Antiplatelets (non-KW) | −2.4 (−10.1 to 6.0) | 0.56 | 84.1 |
| Antiplatelets (net effect) | 2.0 (−0.86 to 5.0) | 0.17 | 97.6 |
| Percentage change in rates of DDDs prescribed* (practice level; GEE)† | QIC | ||
| Statins (without interaction) | −2.5 (−5.2 to 0.4) | 0.09 | 314.24 |
| Statins (GGC) | −3.9 (−7.6 to −0.1) | 0.04 | 335.77 |
| Statins (Lanarkshire) | −2.2 (−5.7 to 1.5) | 0.25 | 335.77 |
| Statins (Lothian) | −1.3 (−8.6 to 6.5) | 0.73 | 335.77 |
| Antihypertensives (without interaction) | −1.2 (−4.0 to 1.6) | 0.39 | 475.18 |
| Antihypertensives (GGC) | −1.03 (−5.9 to 4.1) | 0.68 | 496.8 |
| Antihypertensives (Lanarkshire) | 0.5 (−3.0 to 4.1) | 0.79 | 496.8 |
| Antihypertensives (Lothian) | −5.7 (−11.2 to 0.04) | 0.05 | 496.8 |
| Antiplatelets (without interaction) | 0.4 (−2.6 to 3.4) | 0.82 | 440.81 |
| Antiplatelets (GGC) | 1.8 (−1.8 to 5.6) | 0.33 | 461.52 |
| Antiplatelets (Lanarkshire) | −0.8 (−4.6 to 3.2) | 0.68 | 461.52 |
| Antiplatelets (Lothian) | 1.5 (−4.2 to 7.5) | 0.62 | 461.52 |
*Percentage change in the mean level of outcome after KW was implemented in all participating practices (from September 2010) compared with the mean level of outcome before KW was implemented in any practice (prior to October 2006).
†After adjustment for underlying secular trend and seasonal variation excluding NHS Tayside.
CHD, coronary heart disease; DDD, defined daily dose; GEE, generalised estimating equation; GGC, Greater Glasgow and Clyde; KW, Keep Well; NHS, National Health Service.