Table 1

Qualitative data collection overview

Trial site
Respondent categoryA or NAMumbai, urban IndiaBangladeshRural IndiaNepal-MakwanpurNepal-DhanushaMalawi
FGDs with women who delivered a baby
Sociodemographic position
 Young and primigravidA3333 (1 SSI, 2 FGDs)32
NA3333 (1 SSI, 2 FGDs)32
 Not primigravid and not youngA333332
NA333332
Socioeconomic position
 Low (no education, poorest quintile)A233332
NA333332
 High (some education, quintile 2–5)*A233
NA333
 Medium socioeconomic position*A332
NA332
 High (11+ year education, richest quintile)*A311
NA311
Sociocultural position
 Low casteA333
NA333
 Not low casteA333
NA333
 Hills ethnicityA3
NA3
 Non-hills ethnicityA3
NA3
FGDs and KIIs with key informants
FGDs
 DecisionmakerA333333
 Women’ s group facilitator233333
KIIs
 Community people333333
Total data points
 Total FGDs: 225 Total KIIs: 1830 (27 FGDs, 3 KIIs)39 (36 FGDs, 3 KIIs)47 (44 FGDs, 3 KIIs)45 (40 FGDs, 3 KIIs, 2 SIIs)57 (54 FGDs, 3 KIIs)27 (24 FGDs, 3 KIIs)
 Total SSIs: 2
  • *For the sampling in Nepal-Makwanpur, Nepal-Dhanusha and Mumbai, it was only possible to distinguish two socioeconomic categories (low and high), while for Bangladesh, rural India and Malawi it was possible to also make a distinction between medium socioeconomic position and the elite (11+ years of education, richest quintile).

  • A, Attenders; FGDs, focus group discussions; KIIs, Key informant interviews, NA, not applicable; SSI, semistructure interview.