Analysis 1: Impact of switching from private motor transport to active travel or public transport | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model characteristicsa | Minimally adjusted models | Maximally adjusted models | |||||||
All participants | As models C and D, except restricting the exposed group to participants who switched between t0 and t1 | As model D, except restricting analysis to participants with longer commuting times at t0 | |||||||
>10 min | >20 min | >30 min | |||||||
Model A | Model B | Model C | Model D | Model E | Model F | Model G | Model H | Model I | |
Switch from private motor to public transport or active travel | −0.18 | −0.21 | −0.32* | N/a | −0.33 | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a |
(−0.45 to 0.0) | (−0.47 to 0.06) | (−0.60 to −0.05) | (−0.76 to 0.09) | ||||||
Switch from private motor to public transport | −0.12 | 0.12 | −0.20 | −0.23 | −0.42 | ||||
(−0.55 to 0.30) | (−0.57 to 0.80) | (−0.67 to 0.27) | (−0.75 to 0.29) | (−1.05 to 0.22) | |||||
Switch from private motor to active travel | −0.45** | −0.59* | −0.75** | −1.64*** | −2.25*** | ||||
(−0.78 to −0.11) | (−1.11 to −0.06) | (−1.23 to −0.28) | (−2.35 to −0.94) | (−3.33 to −1.18) | |||||
Observations | 3269 | 3253 | 3144 | 2244 | 1289 | 752 |
Analysis 2: Impact of switching to private motor transport from active travel or public transport | |||||||||
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Model characteristics† | Minimally adjusted models | Maximally adjusted models | |||||||
All participants | As models L and M, except restricting the exposed group to participants who switched between t0 and t1 | As model M, except restricting analysis to participants with longer commuting times at t0 | |||||||
>10 min | >20 min | >30 min | |||||||
Model J | Model K | Model L | Model M | Model N | Model O | Model P | Model Q | Model R | |
Switch to private motor from public transport or active travel | 0.34** (0.06 to 0.62) | 0.33* (0.04 to 0.62) | 0.34* (0.05 to 0.64) | N/a | 0.37 (0.00 to 0.75) | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a |
Switch to private motor from public transport | 0.46* (0.06 to 0.86) | 0.44 (−0.10 to 0.98) | 0.51* (0.06 to 0.96) | 0.61* (0.13 to 1.1) | 0.35 (−2.22 to 0.93) | ||||
Switch to private motor from active travel | 0.26 (−0.09 to 0.62) | 0.33 (−0.13 to 0.79) | 0.39 (−0.14 to −0.93) | 0.52 (−0.19 to 1.22) | 0.52 (−0.53 to 1.58) | ||||
Observations | 787 | 785 | 658 | 500 | 342 | 239 |
Values tabulated are β-coefficients and 95% CIs.
*p<0.05, **p<0.01 and ***p<0.001.
†See figure 2 for details of the variables and samples used in each statistical model. n/a, Not applicable.