Clinical and physical activity characteristics in rural and urban men and women (N=544)
| Women (n=345) | Men (n=199) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rural (156) | Urban (189) | p Value | Rural (89) | Urban (110) | p Value | |
| Age (years) | 39.8±8.0 | 38.4±8.9 | 0.1 | 38.0±8.6 | 37.2±9.1 | 0.5 |
| Education (years)* | 8.1±4.1 | 11.9±5.4 | <0.001 | 8.6±4.4 | 12.8±4.9 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2)* | 24.8±4.7 | 28.7±5.3 | <0.001 | 23.2±3.3 | 25.3±3.9 | <0.001 |
| WC (cm)* | 84.5±10.3 | 93.4±12.2 | <0.001 | 82.5±8.2 | 89.7±10.7 | <0.001 |
| Body fat (%)* | 30.0±8.3 | 36.9±7.6 | <0.001 | 16.1±5.4 | 20.2±6.6 | <0.001 |
| Obesity (BMI)* | 23 (15%) | 86 (46%) | <0.001 | 3 (3%) | 11 (10%) | 0.07 |
| Central obesity (WC)* | 102 (65%) | 159 (84%) | <0.001 | 8 (9%) | 30 (27%) | 0.001 |
| Smoking | 1 (1%) | 1 (1%) | 0.9 | 18 (20%) | 28 (25%) | 0.4 |
| Alcohol drinking | 121 (78%) | 140 (74%) | 0.5 | 73 (82%) | 95 (86%) | 0.4 |
| PAEE (kJ/kg/day)* | 54.3±21.2 | 37.9±16.9 | <0.001 | 64.6±25.0 | 51.5±22.9 | <0.001 |
| PAL* | 1.79±0.26 | 1.63±0.23 | <0.001 | 1.84±0.27 | 1.72±0.26 | 0.001 |
| Sedentary time (min/day)* | 943±147 | 1057±144 | <0.001 | 889±148 | 973±156 | <0.001 |
| LPA (min/day)* | 404±105 | 336±116 | <0.001 | 421±100 | 377±117 | 0.007 |
| MVPA (min/day)* | 93±71 | 47±46 | <0.001 | 131±98 | 89±75 | 0.001 |
| MVPA, 10 min bouts (min/day)* | 49±50 | 21±30 | <0.001 | 70±70 | 41±48 | 0.001 |
| VO2max (mL/kg/min)* | 30.4±6.0 | 26.4±4.6 | <0.001 | 37.8±8.3 | 37.3±7.7 | 0.6 |
Data are mean±SD or n (%). p Values test for difference in means using the t test or difference in proportion using the χ2 test.
*p<0.05 for combined rural versus urban difference.
BMI, body mass index; LPA, light intensity physical activity; MVPA, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity; PAEE, physical activity energy expenditure; PAL, physical activity level; WC, waist circumference.