Physical function | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
No decline (%) | Decline (%) | χ2 p Value | OR (95%CI) | p Value | |
Age | 0.037 | ||||
55–60 | 80.0 | 20.0 | Ref | Ref | |
61–65 | 85.9 | 14.1 | 0.62 (0.33 to 1.18) | 0.144 | |
66–70 | 76.2 | 23.8 | 1.14 (0.62 to 2.12) | 0.669 | |
71–74 | 69.4 | 30.6 | 1.66 (0.78 to 3.54) | 0.189 | |
Gender | 0.358 | ||||
Male | 81.9 | 18.1 | 0.83 (0.48 to 1.44) | 0.508 | |
Female | 78.5 | 21.5 | Ref | Ref | |
Race | <0.001 | ||||
White | 85.9 | 14.1 | Ref | Ref | |
Black | 70.1 | 29.9 | 1.37 (0.72 to 2.60) | 0.334 | |
Other | 77.1 | 22.9 | 1.21 (0.46 to 3.23) | 0.699 | |
Education | 0.007 | ||||
≤High school | 69.6 | 30.4 | 1.05 (0.47 to 2.33) | 0.908 | |
Some college or tech | 77.7 | 22.3 | 1.07 (0.52 to 2.21) | 0.863 | |
College graduate | 80.7 | 19.3 | 1.18 (0.59 to 2.35) | 0.650 | |
Graduate degree | 85.9 | 14.1 | Ref | Ref | |
Smoking status | 0.067 | ||||
Current smoker | 80.4 | 19.6 | 0.85 (0.37 to 1.98) | 0.714 | |
Former smoker | 81.9 | 18.1 | 0.58 (0.25 to 1.35) | 0.209 | |
Never smoked | 67.9 | 32.1 | Ref | Ref | |
Exercise frequency | 0.190 | ||||
≥4 times per week | 82.6 | 17.4 | Ref | Ref | |
<4 times per week | 78.0 | 22.0 | 0.91 (0.55 to 1.51) | 0.721 | |
Alcohol | 0.001 | ||||
<1 per week | 74.8 | 25.2 | Ref | Ref | |
≥1 per week | 86.2 | 13.8 | 1.36 (0.77 to 2.38) | 0.288 | |
BMI | 0.033 | ||||
Normal weight | 86.3 | 13.7 | Ref | Ref | |
Overweight | 77.6 | 22.4 | 2.23 (1.17 to 4.25) | 0.015 | |
Obese | 75.7 | 24.3 | 2.10 (1.10 to 4.01) | 0.025 | |
Chronic conditions | <0.001 | ||||
0 | 89.7 | 10.3 | Ref | Ref | |
1 | 85.3 | 14.7 | 1.44 (0.61 to 3.41) | 0.409 | |
2+ | 73.0 | 27.0 | 2.96 (1.29 to 6.81) | 0.011 | |
Health literacy | <0.001 | ||||
Low | 69.4 | 30.6 | 2.57 (1.22 to 5.44) | 0.013 | |
Marginal | 71.7 | 28.3 | 2.62 (1.38 to 4.95) | 0.003 | |
Adequate | 88.0 | 12.0 | Ref | Ref |
Multivariable analyses were adjusted for all characteristics, as well as time since baseline interview (≤36 months, >36 months) and baseline physical function.
BMI, body mass index.