Regression coefficients (β (95% CIs)) for change in glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR score by a unit increase in ln-transformed urinary 1-OHP
| Glucose (mmol/L) | Insulin (µU/mL) | HOMA-IR | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1-OHP (ln)a | β | (95% CIs) | p Value | β | (95% CIs) | p Value | β | (95% CIs) | p Value |
| Model A | 0.03 | (−0.03, 0.10) | 0.332 | 0.34 | (−0.13, 0.81) | 0.154 | 0.14 | (−0.01, 0.30) | 0.077 |
| Model B | 0.03 | (−0.03, 0.10) | 0.332 | 0.33 | (−0.13, 0.80) | 0.164 | 0.14 | (−0.02, 0.30) | 0.079 |
| Model C | 0.03 | (−0.03, 0.10) | 0.290 | 0.38 | (−0.09, 0.84) | 0.117 | 0.16 | (0.00, 0.31) | 0.052 |
| Model D | 0.04 | (−0.02, 0.10) | 0.160 | 0.36 | (−0.10, 0.82) | 0.130 | 0.16 | (0.00, 0.31) | 0.049 |
| Model E | 0.03 | (−0.03, 0.10) | 0.336 | 0.34 | (−0.12, 0.80) | 0.152 | 0.15 | (−0.01, 0.30) | 0.069 |
Model A was adjusted for age, sex and elapsed time since the first visit.
Model B: Model A+further adjusted for education and physical activity.
Model C: Model B+further adjusted for urinary cotinine and ambient PM10 concentrations.
Model D: Model C+further adjusted for obesity, diabetes, hypertension and HDL-cholesterol.
Model E: Model D—deductible adjustment for diabetes.
Change in glucose, insulin and HOMA for 1 unit ln-1-OHP increase.
1-OHP, 1-hydroxypyrene; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HOMA, homoeostatic model assessment; IR, insulin resistance; PM10, particulate matter ≤10 μm in diameter.