Social outcomes and intervention effect-estimates
| Summary statistics Mean of continuous and prevalence of binary outcomes* | Effect-estimates Rate ratio for binary outcomes, mean difference for continuous outcomes | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control (95% CI) | Intervention (95% CI) | Unadjusted (95% CI) | p Value | Adjusted† (95% CI) | p Value | |
| Social networks; mean score possible range 0–112)‡ | 76.5 (70.6 to 82.4) | 78.2 (70.7 to 85.7) | 1.20 (−6.00 to 8.41) | 0.7 | 0.64 (−6.47 to 7.76) | 0.9 |
| Social support; mean score (possible range 0–6)§ | 3.2 (2.6 to 3.9) | 3.2 (2.4 to 4.0) | −0.03 (−1.06 to 1.00) | 1.0 | −0.04 (−1.02 to 0.94) | 0.9 |
| Social integration % agree | ||||||
| Some or most people in neighbourhood can be trusted | 39.3 (27.9 to 50.6) | 31.2 (24.0 to 38.4) | 0.85 (0.46 to 1.6) | 0.6 | 0.87 (0.48 to 1.56) | 0.6 |
| People from different backgrounds in the neighbourhood get on | 5.4 (3.4 to 7.5) | 9.2 (6.2 to 12.2) | 1.38 (0.81 to 2.33) | 0.2 | 1.30 (0.80 to 2.13) | 0.3 |
| Racial harassment is a problem in the neighbourhood | 13.7 (7.4 to 20.0) | 10.9 (4.6 to 17.1) | 0.62 (028 to 1.37) | 0.3 | 0.62 (0.29 to 1.31) | 0.3 |
| Collective efficacy % agree | ||||||
| People in the neighbourhood pull together to improve it | 13.0 (8.9 to 17.1) | 28.7 (18.2 to 39.2) | 2.0 (1.10 to 3.60) | 0.03 | 1.92 (1.12 to 3.29) | 0.02 |
| People in the neighbourhood help each other and do things together | 19.8 (12.5 to 27.2) | 15.4 (10.8 to 19.9) | 0.71 (0.38 to 1.32) | 0.3 | 0.71 (0.38 to 1.30) | 0.3 |
| Taken any action to solve problems in the local area in past 12 months | 39.7 (26.8 to 52.6) | 26.2 (17.7 to 34.8) | 0.69 (0.38 to 1.24) | 0.2 | 0.70 (0.42 to 1.19) | 0.2 |
| Volunteering; any in last 12 m % | 20.5 (15.8 to 25.2) | 18.7 (13.4 to 24.0) | 0.94 (0.60 to 1.47) | 0.8 | 0.95 (0.64 to 1.41) | 0.8 |
| Antisocial behaviour—resident perceptions—mean score (possible range 0–6)¶ | 1.7 (1.1 to 2.3) | 1.8 (1.3 to 2.2) | 0.05 (−0.46 to 0.57) | 0.8 | 0.05 (−0.43 to 0.53) | 0.8 |
| Antisocial behaviours/incivilities—environmental audit—mean score, (possible range 0–100)** | 8.8 (7.3 to 10.3) | 8.2 (6.8 to 9.7) | −0.5 (−1.9 to 0.9) | 0.4 | −0.6 (−1.9 to 0.8) | 0.4 |
| Fear of crime | ||||||
| Feel safe in the neighbourhood (day) % | 96.2 (94.4 to 97.9) | 95.4 (93.7 to 97.0) | 0.99 (0.97 to 1.01) | 0.3 | 0.99 (0.97 to 1.01) | 0.3 |
| Feel safe in the neighbourhood at night % | 58.1 (48.5 to 67.8) | 57.8 (52.1 to 63.5) | 1.03 (0.81 to 1.32) | 0.8 | 1.02 (0.82 to 1.26) | 0.9 |
*Overall mean or prevalence pooled over clusters (CI adjusted for clustering).
†Adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity, education and employment status except incivilities which are adjusted for baseline values only.
‡Higher score=greater social connectedness.
§Higher score=greater social support.
¶Higher score=higher levels of perceived incivilities (survey respondents).
**Higher score indicates higher levels of recorded incivilities (environmental audit).