Definition | |
---|---|
Outcome | |
DMP enrolment | GP-reported enrolment status (yes/no) in the DMP-CHD at t3 (2008–2010) |
Exposure | |
Individual-level | |
Highest educational attainment | Level I (lowest): no formal degree or at least 9 years of schooling qualifying for professional training, Hauptschule |
Level II (medium): at least 10 years of schooling qualifying for professional training, Realschule/Mittlere Reife | |
Level III (highest): at least 12 or 13 years of schooling qualifying for university entrance, Fachhochschulreife/Abitur | |
Area-level | |
Regional deprivation of patients’ residential areas (GIMD) | The GIMD includes seven domains of area deprivation: income, employment, education, municipal or district revenue, social capital, environment and security. Absolute deprivation scores were grouped into tertiles comprising: |
T1: least-deprived municipalities | |
T2: medium-deprived municipalities | |
T3: most-deprived municipalities | |
Covariables | |
Comorbidity | |
Cumulative Illness Rating Scale for Geriatrics (CIRS-G) severity index | GP-reported comorbidities calculated as CIRS-G score divided by the number of endorsed CIRS-G categories |
Behavioural risk factors | |
Hypercholesterolaemia | Self-reported diagnosis of hypercholesterolaemia (yes/no) (ever diagnosed) |
Smoking status | Self-reported smoking status in three categories ‘Never smoker’, ‘Former smoker’ and ‘Current smoker’ |
Alcohol consumption in g/day according to the WHO drinking categories* | Self-reported alcohol consumption of beer, wine or liquor per week |
Abstainers: reporting a consumption of 0 g/day | |
DI: female: 0–19.99; male: 0–39.99 | |
DII: female: 20–39.99; male: 40–59.99 | |
DIII: female: >40.0; male: >60.0 | |
Body mass index (BMI) | Self-reported weight (in kilograms) over height (to the power of two) in four categories |
BMI<25: underweight-normal | |
BMI 25.00–29.99: Overweight/pre-obese | |
BMI 30.00–39.99: Obese class I+II | |
BMI≥40: Obese Class III | |
Social situation and ethnicity | |
Immigration background (yes/no) | Having an immigration background was defined as having (1) a foreign nationality or (2) a German nationality and a place of birth outside of Germany |
Living in a partnership (yes/no) | Self-reported answer to question: do you live in a partnership? |
Social contacts | The number of social contacts was included as a proxy of loneliness. It was captured by the question “How many family members/relatives/friends do you have which whom you can discuss any problems and on which you can rely?”. The responses were collapsed into an ordinal variable with three categories (‘0–1’, ‘2–4’ and ‘5–10 and more’ |
Approved need of long-term care | Need of long-term care as approved by the Medical Review Board of Statutory Health Insurance Funds (Medizinischer Dienst der Krankenkassen) as a self-report. The variable was used as a measure to approximate ability to participate in social life |
Current economic activity | Self-reported current economic activity, categorical variable comprising six categories (‘Full-time employment’, ‘Minor/occasional employment’, ‘Part-time employment’, ‘Housewife/Domestic activity’, ‘Retired’ and ‘Unemployed’) |
Area characteristics | |
Degree of urbanisation | Rural: <300 inhabitants/km2 or less than 5000 inhabitants |
Urban cluster: ≥300 inhabitants/km2 and minimum population of 5000 inhabitants, but less than 50 000 | |
High-density cluster: ≥1000 inhabitants/km2 and minimum population of 50 000 inhabitants |
All data refer to the 8-year follow-up phase (t3: 2008–2010) if not otherwise stated.
*Amount of alcohol per type of alcohol used to calculate categories: 1 bottle of beer=11.88 g; 1 glass of wine=22.0 g; 1 shot of liquor=6.4 g.
GP, general practitioner; DMP-CHD, Disease Management Programmes coronary heart disease; GIMD, German Index of Multiple Deprivation.