Sample distribution and excessive crying prevalence rates with 95% CIs according to maternal and child characteristics
| N (%) | Prevalence of excessive crying | 95% CI | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Antenatal and perinatal maternal and child characteristics | |||
| Family income (n=3578) | p=0.070* | ||
| 1 (poorest) | 707 (19.8) | 13.1 | (10.7 to 15.7) |
| 2 | 716 (20.0) | 12.3 | (9.9 to 14.7) |
| 3 | 718 (20.1) | 13.1 | (10.6 to 15.6) |
| 4 | 752 (21.0) | 10.8 | (8.6 to 13.0) |
| 5 (richest) | 685 (19.1) | 10.4 | (8.1 to 12.7) |
| Maternal age (n=3576) | p=0.020* | ||
| <19 | 677 (18.9) | 8.3 | (6.2 to 10.4) |
| 20–34 | 2405 (67.3) | 12.9 | (11.5 to 14.2) |
| ≥35 | 494 (13.8) | 12.4 | (9.4 to 15.3) |
| Maternal skin colour (n=3578) | p=0.574† | ||
| White | 2613 (73.0) | 11.8 | (10.5 to 13.0) |
| Black and mixed | 965 (27.0) | 12.4 | (10.4 to 14.7) |
| Maternal education (years of study; n=3578) | p=0.002* | ||
| 0–4 | 534 (15.1) | 16.5 | (13.3 to 19.6) |
| 5–8 | 1475 (41.6) | 12.3 | (10.6 to 13.9) |
| 9–11 | 1189 (33.5) | 10.0 | (8.3 to 11.7) |
| ≥12 | 347 (9.8) | 10.7 | (7.4 to 13.9) |
| Live with partner (n=3578) | p=0.266† | ||
| No | 560 (15.7) | 10.5 | (8.0 to 13.1) |
| Yes | 3018 (84.4) | 12.2 | (11.0 to 13.4) |
| Number of antenatal care appointments (n=3523) | p=0.139† | ||
| 0–4 | 363 (10.6) | 14.9 | (11.4 to 19.0) |
| 5–10 | 2380 (69.3) | 11.9 | (10.7 to 13.3) |
| ≥11 | 691 (20.1) | 10.7 | (8.5 to 13.3) |
| Smoking (n=3578) | p=0.125† | ||
| No | 2608 (72.9) | 11.4 | (10.2 to 12.6) |
| Yes | 970 (27.1) | 13.3 | (11.2 to 15.4) |
| Alcohol in pregnancy (n=3578) | p=0.682† | ||
| No | 3456 (96.6) | 11.9 | (10.8 to 13.0) |
| Yes | 122 (3.4) | 13.1 | (7.0 to 19.2) |
| Type of delivery (n=3578) | p=0.711† | ||
| Vaginal | 1974 (55.2) | 11.8 | (10.3 to 13.2) |
| C-section | 1604 (44.8) | 12.2 | (10.6 to 13.8) |
| Caffeine intake 3rd trimester (n=3310) | p=0.150† | ||
| <300 mg/day | 2724 (82.3) | 11.5 | (10.3 to 12.7) |
| ≥300 mg/day | 586 (17.7) | 13.7 | (10.9 to 16.4) |
| Maternal mood symptoms in pregnancy (n=3577) | p<0.001† | ||
| No | 2691 (75.2) | 10.7 | (9.5 to 11.9) |
| Yes | 886 (24.8) | 15.7 | (13.3 to 18.1) |
| Sex of the newborn (n=3578) | p=0.219† | ||
| Male | 1861 (52.0) | 12.6 | 11.1 to 14.1 |
| Female | 1717 (48.0) | 11.2 | (9.7 to 12.7) |
| Gestational age at birth (n=3574) | p=0.752* | ||
| <34 | 85 (2.4) | 15.3 | 7.5 to 23.1 |
| 34–36 | 372 (10.4) | 12.1 | 8.8 to 15.4 |
| 37–41 | 2884 (80.7) | 11.8 | 10.6 to 12.9 |
| ≥42 | 233 (6.5) | 12.9 | 8.5 to 17.2 |
| Low birth weight (n=3577) | p=0.603† | ||
| No | 3290 (92.0) | 11.9 | 10.7 to 13.0 |
| Yes | 287 (8.0) | 12.9 | 9.0 to 16.8 |
| Neonatal intensive care (n=3569) | p=0.234† | ||
| No | 3393 (95.1) | 11.8 | 10.7 to 12.9 |
| Yes | 176 (4.9) | 14.8 | 9.5 to 20.1 |
| Apgar 5th minute (n=3560) | p=0.057† | ||
| <7 | 55 (1.5) | 3.6 | 0.0 to 8.7 |
| ≥7 | 3505 (98.5) | 12.0 | 10.9 to 13.1 |
| Firstborn (n=3577) | p<0.001† | ||
| No | 2006 (56.1) | 14.0 | (12.5 to 15.5) |
| Yes | 1571 (43.9) | 9.3 | (7.9 to 10.7) |
| Maternal and infant characteristics at 3 months post partum | |||
| Caffeine intake (n=3316) | p=0.718† | ||
| <300 mg/day | 2817 (85.0) | 11.9 | 10.7 to 13.1 |
| ≥300 mg/day | 499 (15.0) | 12.4 | 9.5 to 15.3 |
| SRQ≥8 (n=3569) | p<0.001† | ||
| No | 2649 (74.2) | 9.3 | (8.2 to 10.4) |
| Yes | 920 (25.8) | 19.5 | (16.9 to 22.0) |
| Breastfeeding (n=3578) | p=0.154* | ||
| Weaned | 945 (26.4) | 12.5 | 10.4 to 14.6 |
| Partial | 990 (27.7) | 13.1 | 11.0 to 15.2 |
| Predominant | 670 (18.7) | 12.2 | 9.8 to 14.7 |
| Exclusive | 973 (27.2) | 10.0 | 8.0 to 11.9 |
| Bed sharing (n=3578) | p=0.001† | ||
| No | 1915 (53.5) | 10.3 | 8.9 to 11.6 |
| Yes | 1663 (46.5) | 13.8 | 12.2 to 15.5 |
| Use of pacifier (n=3578) | p=0.557† | ||
| No | 1220 (34.1) | 12.4 | 10.5 to 14.2 |
| Yes | 2358 (65.9) | 11.7 | 10.4 to 13.0 |
*Test for trend.
†χ2 test.
SRQ, Self-Reporting Questionnaire.