Participant characteristics and baseline differences in physical function
| Physical function | Adjusted p value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | Mean (SD) | Unadjusted p value | ||
| Age | 0.985 | 0.641 | ||
| 55–60 | 195 (36.9) | 83.4 (18.7) | ||
| 61–65 | 150 (28.4) | 82.8 (16.1) | ||
| 66–70 | 122 (23.1) | 83.4 (15.1) | ||
| 71–74 | 62 (11.7) | 83.3 (13.6) | ||
| Gender | 0.214 | 0.342 | ||
| Male | 166 (31.4) | 84.5 (16.5) | ||
| Female | 363 (68.6) | 82.6 (16.6) | ||
| Race | <0.001 | 0.653 | ||
| White | 297 (56.4) | 87.3 (13.5) | ||
| Black | 195 (37.0) | 77.1 (19.0) | ||
| Other | 35 (6.6) | 82.4 (15.8) | ||
| Education | <0.001 | 0.179 | ||
| ≤High school | 116 (21.9) | 76.7 (17.9) | ||
| Some college or tech | 112 (21.2) | 78.3 (18.5) | ||
| College graduate | 109 (20.6) | 85.4 (15.9) | ||
| Graduate degree | 192 (36.3) | 88.8 (12.4) | ||
| Smoking status | <0.001 | 0.128 | ||
| Current smoker | 56 (10.6) | 74.9 (19.5) | ||
| Former smoker | 171 (32.3) | 83.3 (15.4) | ||
| Never smoked | 302 (57.1) | 84.7 (16.3) | ||
| Exercise frequency | <0.001 | 0.021 | ||
| ≥4 times per week | 213 (40.4) | 87.5 (15.2) | ||
| <4 times per week | 314 (59.6) | 80.3 (16.9) | ||
| Alcohol | <0.001 | 0.612 | ||
| <1 per week | 311 (58.8) | 80.3 (17.3) | ||
| ≥1 per week | 218 (41.2) | 87.3 (14.6) | ||
| BMI | <0.001 | 0.001 | ||
| Normal weight | 168 (32.6) | 88.7 (14.2) | ||
| Overweight | 161 (31.3) | 84.5 (16.0) | ||
| Obese | 186 (36.1) | 78.0 (17.3) | ||
| Chronic conditions | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| 0 | 87 (16.4) | 93.8 (10.1) | ||
| 1 | 163 (30.8) | 88.8 (12.8) | ||
| 2+ | 279 (52.7) | 76.7 (17.3) | ||
| Health literacy (NVS) | <0.001 | 0.004 | ||
| Low | 135 (25.5) | 75.5 (18.1) | ||
| Marginal | 120 (22.7) | 82.2 (18.1) | ||
| Adequate | 274 (51.8) | 87.5 (13.5) | ||
Adjusted p values were multivariable analyses controlling for all characteristics in the table.
BMI, body mass index; NVS, Newest Vital Sign.