Table 2

Univariable and multivariable analyses predicting physical function decline

		Physical function
	No decline (%)	Decline (%)	χ² p Value	OR (95%CI)	p Value
Age			0.037
55–60	80.0	20.0		Ref	Ref
61–65	85.9	14.1		0.62 (0.33 to 1.18)	0.144
66–70	76.2	23.8		1.14 (0.62 to 2.12)	0.669
71–74	69.4	30.6		1.66 (0.78 to 3.54)	0.189
Gender			0.358
Male	81.9	18.1		0.83 (0.48 to 1.44)	0.508
Female	78.5	21.5		Ref	Ref
Race			<0.001
White	85.9	14.1		Ref	Ref
Black	70.1	29.9		1.37 (0.72 to 2.60)	0.334
Other	77.1	22.9		1.21 (0.46 to 3.23)	0.699
Education			0.007
≤High school	69.6	30.4		1.05 (0.47 to 2.33)	0.908
Some college or tech	77.7	22.3		1.07 (0.52 to 2.21)	0.863
College graduate	80.7	19.3		1.18 (0.59 to 2.35)	0.650
Graduate degree	85.9	14.1		Ref	Ref
Smoking status			0.067
Current smoker	80.4	19.6		0.85 (0.37 to 1.98)	0.714
Former smoker	81.9	18.1		0.58 (0.25 to 1.35)	0.209
Never smoked	67.9	32.1		Ref	Ref
Exercise frequency			0.190
≥4 times per week	82.6	17.4		Ref	Ref
<4 times per week	78.0	22.0		0.91 (0.55 to 1.51)	0.721
Alcohol			0.001
<1 per week	74.8	25.2		Ref	Ref
≥1 per week	86.2	13.8		1.36 (0.77 to 2.38)	0.288
BMI			0.033
Normal weight	86.3	13.7		Ref	Ref
Overweight	77.6	22.4		2.23 (1.17 to 4.25)	0.015
Obese	75.7	24.3		2.10 (1.10 to 4.01)	0.025
Chronic conditions			<0.001
0	89.7	10.3		Ref	Ref
1	85.3	14.7		1.44 (0.61 to 3.41)	0.409
2+	73.0	27.0		2.96 (1.29 to 6.81)	0.011
Health literacy			<0.001
Low	69.4	30.6		2.57 (1.22 to 5.44)	0.013
Marginal	71.7	28.3		2.62 (1.38 to 4.95)	0.003
Adequate	88.0	12.0		Ref	Ref

Multivariable analyses were adjusted for all characteristics, as well as time since baseline interview (≤36 months, >36 months) and baseline physical function.
BMI, body mass index.