HL only | HL and FA | HL and CA | HL, FA and CA | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Health literacy | ||||
Low | 2.57 (1.22 to 5.44)* | 2.01 (0.88 to 4.62) | 2.32 (1.02 to 5.30)* | 2.06 (0.87 to 4.88) |
Marginal | 2.62 (1.38 to 4.95)** | 2.32 (1.18 to 4.54)* | 2.45 (1.25 to4.81)** | 2.30 (1.15 to 4.58)* |
Adequate | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Fluid cognitive ability | – | 0.73 (0.48 to 1.01) | – | 0.80 (0.50 to 1.27) |
Crystallised cognitive ability | – | – | 0.85 (0.56 to 1.31) | 0.94 (0.58 to 1.50) |
These are multivariable analyses controlling for age, gender, race, education, smoking status, exercise frequency, alcohol consumption, BMI, chronic conditions, baseline physical function and time to follow-up.
*p<0.05, **p<0.01.
BMI, body mass index; CA, crystallised abilities; FA, fluid abilities; HL, health literacy.