Table 3B

Women	Difference between low and high educated in proportional mortality decline (%-points)
Women	All causes	All cardio- vascular	Ischaemic heart disease	Cerebro- vascular disease	All cancer	Lung cancer	All other diseases	Liver cirrhosis	All external	Road traffic accidents
(B) Proportional mortality decline, women
North
Finland	−14.7	−15.9	−12.9	−14.8	−8.4	−31.0	−30.8	−62.2	−35.5	−24.5
Sweden	−2.1	−11.4	−14.5	−3.0	−9.3	−19.5	−18.5	25.2	−16.5	−10.5
Norway	−12.8	−6.1	−7.6	−5.7	−14.2	−35.0	−24.7	−53.6	−54.2	−32.9
Denmark	−10.8	−6.0	−6.7	0.0	−12.9	−21.6	−14.0	−19.8	−6.4	14.0
West
England & W	0.9	−7.6	−7.8	2.4	−4.2	69.3	25.2	16.1	−12.9	333.2
Belgium	−10.0	−8.0	−11.9	−2.7	−10.0	−8.2	−16.4	−37.2	−10.5	−28.3
France	−1.5	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
Switzerland	−5.4	−4.8	1.9	−11.3	−4.8	−21.4	−14.7	−4.9	−9.3	0.8
South
Barcelona	−0.8	13.1	22.5	11.7	−7.3	−31.2	5.4	−42.7	−22.3	−17.3
Basque C	−2.2	9.4	9.5	42.9	−1.8	−57.9	−15.2	−2.9	−6.8	51.4
Madrid	1.4	−16.2	14.5	−9.2	−0.4	−8.9	20.7	72.4	5.9	65.4
Turin	5.7	5.3	15.1	−13.7	9.9	−4.9	−2.2	n.a.	1.8	16.0
East
Hungary	−14.9	−12.1	−22.7	2.8	−23.2	−68.5	−11.5	12.9	−25.8	−22.6
Lithuania	−76.1	−62.9	−47.8	−48.0	−62.0	−52.7	−78.2	n.a.	−121.3	−71.0
Estonia	−55.3	−49.5	−48.4	−28.2	−24.1	−62.9	−102.4	n.a.	−124.4	−27.1

More mortality decline (or less mortality increase) among low than among high educated.
Less mortality decline among low than among high educated.
Mortality increase among low educated, mortality decline (or less mortality increase) among high educated.
Difference between low and high educated in proportional mortality decline was calculated by subtracting the percentage mortality decline among the high educated from the percentage mortality decline among the low educated. In algebraic form: 100*(R_1990,L−R_2000,L)/R_1990,L − 100*(R_1990,H − R_2000,H)/R_1990,H in which R=age-standardized mortality rate, 1990=1990s, 2000=2000s, L=low educated, and H=high educated. For example, in the case of Finnish men, mortality declined by 35.9% among the high and 25.2% among the low educated, which is 10.7%-points more among the high than among the low educated. Grey shading indicates a disadvantage for the low educated; no shading indicates a disadvantage for the high educated. Difference in mortality decline could not be calculated for liver cirrhosis among women in Turin because of 0 deaths among high educated women in this population in the 2000s. Please note that the sum of the cause-specific changes does not always exactly equal the change for all-cause mortality, because of various adjustments and rounding.