Table 2

Differences in children's physical activity by reported and objective measures of the neighbourhood environment (models run on all singleton children with reliable activity data (n=6497))

	Counts per minute			Moderate to vigorous physical activity			Activity adherence (OR and 95% CI)
	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3
Home
Physical environment
Type of accommodation
House or bungalow (reference category)
Flat, studio, bedsit or other	1.51	2.15		3.17	2.86		1.14	1.14
	−1.32 to 4.33	−0.63 to 4.92		−0.73 to 7.06	−1.10 to 6.82		0.94 to 1.38	0.93 to 1.39
Access to gardens	−2.77	−3.70		−5.75*	−5.40*	−4.20	0.71 *	0.72*	0.69
	−6.63 to 1.08	−7.48 to 0.09		−10.98 to −0.52	−10.68 to −0.11	−8.66 to 0.26	0.52 to 0.97	0.51 to 1.00	0.46 to 1.04
Cars in use
None (reference category)
One	−4.6**	−4.90***	−5.05**	−7.27***	−7.58***	−7.68***	0.60***	0.58***	0.53***
	−7.33 to −1.87	−7.57 to −2.23	−8.10 to −2.00	−10.88 to −3.66	−11.24 to −3.91	−11.93 to −3.42	0.47 to 0.77	0.45 to 0.75	0.38 to 0.73
More than 1	−6.88***	−7.65***	−7.58***	−11.29***	−11.75***	−11.8***	0.45***	0.43***	0.39***
	−9.59 to −4.17	−10.21 to −5.10	−10.96 to −4.20	−14.81 to −7.78	−15.17 to −8.34	−16.42 to −7.18	0.35 to 0.58	0.33 to 0.56	0.28 to 0.56
Child has a TV in his/her bedroom	4.13***	3.63***	2.01*	4.41**	4.35**	1.98	1.22**	1.24**	1.04
	2.39 to 5.88	1.91 to 5.35	0.37 to 3.65	1.89 to 6.94	1.81 to 6.90	−0.40 to 4.36	1.09 to 1.38	1.09 to 1.40	0.89 to 1.23
Socioeconomic environment
Lone mother	3.88**	3.86**	−0.54	6.35***	6.11***	−0.41	1.37**	1.37**	1.03
	1.65 to 6.11	1.64 to 6.09	−2.98 to 1.89	3.14 to 9.57	2.91 to 9.31	−3.81 to 2.98	1.13 to 1.66	1.13 to 1.66	0.80 to 1.33
Family size: only child	−0.54	−0.26		−0.19	0.36		1.13	1.18
	−2.59 to 1.52	−2.41 to 1.89		−3.23 to 2.85	−2.82 to 3.54		0.93 to 1.38	0.96 to 1.45
Housing tenure: own/mortgage	−3.03**	−3.37***	1.18	−4.64***	−4.74***	1.59	0.77**	0.75**	1.20
	−4.74 to −1.32	−5.05 to −1.69	−0.98 to 3.25	−7.02 to −2.27	−7.14 to −2.34	−1.49 to 4.68	0.65 to 0.90	0.63 to 0.88	0.95 to 1.51
Maternal socioeconomic circumstances
Managerial and professional occupations (reference category)
Intermediate occupations	1.31	1.31	−0.38	1.09	0.99	−1.25	1.01	1.01	0.90
	−0.73 to 3.34	−0.73 to 3.35	−2.40 to 1.65	−1.92 to 4.10	−2.04 to 4.02	−4.26 to 1.75	0.84 to 1.20	0.84 to 1.21	0.73 to 1.09
Routine and manual occupations	2.07*	2.38**	−0.83	2.11	2.42	−2.26	1.15	1.17*	0.94
	0.25 to 3.89	0.60 to 4.17	−2.67 to 1.01	−0.55 to 4.76	−0.24 to 5.08	−5.06 to 0.54	0.98 to 1.35	1.00 to 1.37	0.78 to 1.15
Never worked and long-term unemployed	1.80	5.74**	−2.19	4.08	8.01*	−5.27	1.46*	1.75**	0.83
	−2.41 to 6.02	1.51 to 9.97	−6.32 to 1.94	−2.03 to 10.18	1.28 to 14.74	−11.89 to 1.35	1.01 to 2.12	1.19 to 2.59	0.51 to 1.35
Maternal education
At or above O-level (reference category)
Below O-level	1.97 *	3.22**	2.58*	2.99*	4.27**	3.40*	1.20*	1.28**	1.30*
	0.19 to 3.75	1.40 to 5.04	0.36 to 4.80	0.39 to 5.59	1.69 to 6.85	0.06 to 6.75	1.03 to 1.39	1.09 to 1.50	1.03 to 1.65
Poverty (<60% median income)	2.57*	3.74***	−0.11	4.58**	5.53***	−0.41	1.26**	1.32**	0.81
	0.55 to 4.58	1.82 to 5.66	−2.32 to 2.11	1.50 to 7.66	2.55 to 8.51	−3.75 to 2.93	1.06 to 1.49	1.11 to 1.57	0.62 to 1.06
Neighbourhood
Physical environment
Access to play areas	0.80	0.96		0.40	0.88		0.93	0.97
	−1.68 to 3.29	−1.54 to 3.47		−3.24 to 4.03	−2.77 to 4.54		0.73 to 1.18	0.76 to 1.24
Good area to bring up children
Excellent/good (reference category)
Average	1.41	1.67	−0.30	3.06*	3.13*	0.01	1.13	1.14	0.96
	−0.66 to 3.49	−0.29 to 3.64	−2.21 to 1.60	0.13 to 6.00	0.28 to 5.99	−2.84 to 2.87	0.96 to 1.33	0.97 to 1.35	0.80 to 1.15
Poor/very poor	3.63*	4.04*	0.69	7.32*	7.17*	2.01	1.25	1.24	0.96
	0.00 to 7.28	0.36 to 7.72	−3.26 to 4.64	1.35 to 13.29	1.27 to 13.07	−4.01 to 8.04	0.93 to 1.69	0.92 to 1.69	0.62 to 1.50
Parental perception of safety
Very safe/fairly safe (reference category)
Neither safe nor unsafe	0.54	0.73		2.09	2.06		1.17	1.16
	−2.21 to 3.29	−2.00 to 3.47		−2.26 to 6.43	−2.28 to 6.39		0.91 to 1.49	0.90 to 1.49
Fairly unsafe/very unsafe	1.34	1.33		2.05	1.46		1.05	1.05
	−2.42 to 5.10	−2.41 to 5.07		−4.14 to 8.24	−4.52 to 7.44		0.77 to 1.45	0.77 to 1.44
Urban/rural morphology (objective)
Urban (>10k; reference category)
Rural	−0.81	−0.93	0.93	−2.31	−2.13	−0.01	0.85	0.87	1.01
	−2.70 to 1.08	−2.82 to 0.95	−1.00 to 2.87	−5.12 to 0.51	−4.96 to 0.70	−2.94 to 2.92	0.69 to 1.04	0.71 to 1.07	0.82 to 1.24
Intraclass correlation (ICC)(%)	4.49	4.44	4.06	4.06	4.09	3.62	5.03	5.60	5.45
Socioeconomic environment
Index of Multiple Deprivation (objective)
England
Least deprived (reference category)
Second	1.82	1.78	0.97	2.16	2.05	1.16	1.11	1.10	1.02
	−0.62 to 4.26	−0.65 to 4.22	−1.49 to 3.43	−1.61 to 5.92	−1.75 to 5.84	−2.66 to 4.98	0.87 to 1.42	0.86 to 1.41	0.79 to 1.32
Third	0.92	1.13	0.06	1.21	1.47	−0.09	1.09	1.12	1.02
	−1.51 to 3.35	−1.26 to 3.51	−2.34 to 2.46	−2.41 to 4.84	−2.15 to 5.08	−3.71 to 3.53	0.86 to 1.39	0.88 to 1.43	0.79 to 1.31
Fourth	3.82*	4.26**	1.33	6.43**	6.94**	2.65	1.39**	1.43**	1.12
	0.88 to 6.75	1.36 to 7.17	−1.81 to 4.47	2.06 to 10.79	2.57 to 11.31	−2.01 to 7.32	1.09 to 1.76	1.11 to 1.84	0.83 to 1.51
Most deprived	4.97**	6.16***	2.65	7.95**	8.94***	3.42	1.67**	1.78***	1.34
	1.23 to 8.71	2.82 to 9.51	−0.90 to 6.19	2.72 to 13.19	3.95 to 13.93	−1.70 to 8.53	1.23 to 2.27	1.31 to 2.43	0.94 to 1.92
Wales
Least deprived (reference category)
Second	−1.68	−1.79	−0.37	0.39	0.23	2.97	0.77	0.76	0.80
	−6.84 to 3.48	−6.78 to 3.20	−5.60 to 4.87	−7.12 to 7.91	−6.86 to 7.31	−5.37 to 11.31	0.26 to 1.28	0.32 to 1.21	0.31 to 1.29
Third	−0.61	−0.40	−0.01	−2.78	−2.22	−1.26	0.63*	0.66	0.69
	−7.60 to 6.38	−7.45 to 6.66	−7.61 to 7.59	−13.04 to 7.49	−12.68 to 8.24	−12.55 to 10.03	0.28 to 0.98	0.27 to 1.04	0.27 to 1.10
Fourth	−1.07	−0.68	−0.70	0.80	1.34	1.72	0.99	1.03	1.04
	−6.47 to 4.32	−6.45 to 5.10	−7.03 to 5.62	−7.40 to 9.01	−7.70 to 10.37	−8.23 to 11.67	0.46 to 1.53	0.46 to 1.60	0.41 to 1.67
Most deprived	0.44	0.46	−0.88	2.00	2.02	0.80	0.84	0.84	0.79
	−4.62 to 5.51	−4.65 to 5.56	−6.18 to 4.43	−5.16 to 9.16	−5.29 to 9.32	−6.75 to 8.36	0.27 to 1.41	0.26 to 1.41	0.23 to 1.34
Scotland
Least deprived (reference category)
Second	2.99	2.66	1.79	4.51	4.68	3.82	1.11	1.13	1.15
	−1.97 to 7.94	−2.47 to 7.78	−3.47 to 7.04	−3.23 to 12.26	−3.36 to 12.71	−4.47 to 12.11	0.53 to 1.69	0.50 to 1.76	0.52 to 1.77
Third	−1.17	−0.30	−0.84	−1.78	−0.31	−1.01	0.72	0.83	0.82
	−6.78 to 4.45	−6.04 to 5.44	−6.73 to 5.05	−9.77 to 6.20	−8.73 to 8.10	−9.60 to 7.58	0.36 to 1.07	0.41 to 1.25	0.38 to 1.25
Fourth	1.82	2.61	1.70	−1.81	−0.40	−2.71	0.89	1.03	0.94
	−3.99 to 7.62	−3.22 to 8.44	−3.88 to 7.29	−11.49 to 7.88	−10.58 to 9.79	−12.41 to 6.99	0.36 to 1.42	0.40 to 1.67	0.33 to 1.54
Most deprived	6.19	5.79	3.16	7.28	7.43	2.83	1.10	1.17	0.97
	−2.74 to 15.13	−0.3.47 to 15.05	−5.64 to 11.97	−4.41 to 18.98	−4.58 to 19.45	−8.68 to 14.33	0.28 to 1.91	0.26 to 2.08	0.12 to 1.83
Northern Ireland
Least deprived (reference category)
Second	−4.56	−4.16	−4.15	−5.30	−4.89	−4.46	0.89	0.93	1.00
	−12.60 to 3.48	−12.14 to 3.82	−11.98 to 3.69	−17.79 to 7.19	−17.09 to 7.30	−16.49 to 7.57	0.20 to 1.58	0.21 to 1.66	0.23 to 1.77
Third	−2.06	−2.09	−2.77	0.12	−0.33	−1.46	1.35	1.28	1.16
	−10.06 to 5.94	−9.94 to 5.77	−10.37 to 4.84	−12.94 to 13.17	−12.76 to 12.10	−13.93 to 11.00	0.32 to 2.38	0.29 to 2.26	0.24 to 2.09
Fourth	−0.48	−0.42	−2.28	−0.16	−0.18	−1.60	0.99	0.96	0.82
	−7.31 to 6.35	−6.97 to 6.14	−8.71 to 4.14	−11.66 to 11.34	−10.91 to 10.55	−12.07 to 8.86	0.24 to 1.73	0.25 to 1.66	0.25 to 1.38
Most deprived	−0.64	−0.11	−3.37	2.17	2.95	−2.52	1.11	1.17	0.86
	−7.68 to 6.40	−6.87 to 6.64	−9.95 to 3.21	−10.00 to 14.33	−8.58 to 14.48	−13.35 to 8.30	0.42 to 1.79	0.49 to 1.84	0.35 to 1.38
Intraclass correlation (ICC) (%)	3.86	3.68	3.31	3.75	3.74	3.19	4.84	5.27	5.36

For counts per minute and moderate to vigorous physical activity, percentage changes between geometric means of activity associated with varying levels of the covariates of interest are presented. For activity adherence, ORs (95% CI) for children, meeting the recommended guidelines are presented.
Model 1 has been adjusted for gender and season.
Model 2 has been additionally adjusted for confounders (child's ethnic group and child's BMI).
Model 3 has been adjusted for gender, season, child's ethnic group, child's BMI, and the following if significant in models 1 and 2: TV in child's bedroom, access to a garden, car usage, lone motherhood, home ownership, maternal socioeconomic circumstances, maternal education, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) below 60% median poverty indicator, good area to bring up children, urban/rural and Index of Multiple Deprivation.
Significance levels: * <0.05, ** <0.01, *** <0.001.
“−”: Negative sign indicate decrease in physical activity.
BMI, body mass index; TV, television.