Logistic regression of transitions into self-rated ill-health among respondents 18–64 years in 23 European countries (z values within parenthesis)
| Model I | Model II | Model III | Model IV | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Individual-level effects | ||||
| Primary education† | 0.801** (0.066) | 0.805** (0.062) | 0.940** (0.197) | 0.798** (0.069) |
| Secondary education† | 0.558** (0.053) | 0.558** (0.053) | 0.558** (0.053) | 0.344 (0.223) |
| Country-level effects | ||||
| Ui coverage rate | −1.296* (0.654) | 0.042 (0.935) | −1.262 (0.667) | −1.519* (0.659) |
| Ui replacement rate | 0.523** (0.168) | 2.414** (0.932) | 0.530** (0.159) | 0.529** (0.165) |
| Ui coverage rate*Ui replacement rate | −2.471 (1.348) | |||
| Cross-level effects | ||||
| Ui coverage rate*Primary education | −0.221 (0.274) | |||
| Ui coverage rate*Secondary education | 0.333 (0.301) | |||
| Diff. BIC | −56.619 | −9.481 | −2.313 | |
*p<0.05; **p<0.01 using cluster robust SEs. All regression models include a constant and the full set of control variables, including GDP per capita in purchasing power adjusted amounts, social spending as percentage of GDP, self-rated health in 2006, age, sex, employment status (employed, unemployed, inactive, student) and family type (single person, lone parent, couple without children and two-parent family with children).
†Reference category is tertiary education.
Diff. BIC, difference in the Bayesian Information Criterion from the baseline model excluding the interaction term; GDP, gross domestic product; Ui, unemployment insurance.