Table 3

Comparison of baseline characteristics of those with (mild or severe) or without conduct and emotional problems in adolescence

	Conduct problems
	None	Mild	Severe
	(n=857)	(n=183)	(n=70)	p Value*
% Men	42	51	54	0.02
Cognitive ability (mean, SD)	0.18 (0.9)	−0.16 (0.9)	−0.28 (0.6)	<0.001
Parental social class (% manual)	66	70	75	0.08
Adult social class (% manual)	56	60	63	0.003
Education (% O levels/equivalent)	64	78	84	<0.001
Parenting
Intellectual environment (mean, SD))	2.37 (1.3)	2.25 (1.3)	2.00(1.4)	0.1
Cognitive stimulation (mean, SD	3.18 (0.8)	3.18 (0.8)	3.14 (0.8)	0.2
Coercive discipline (age 4) (mean, SD)	0.50 (0.7)	0.77 (0.8)	0.80 (0.9)	<0.05
Coercive discipline (age 8) (mean, SD)	0.49 (0.7)	0.75 (0.9)	0.77 (0.9)	<0.05
Parental interest (mean, SD)†	2.80 (0.9)	2.77 (1.1)	2.84 (0.9)	0.3
Parental aspiration (mean, SD)†	2.71 (1.7)	2.57 (1.7)	2.47 (1.7)	0.1
Parental affection age 4 (% yes) †	86	88	84	0.6
Parental affection age 8 (% yes) †	80	78	86	0.3
	Emotional problems

	None	Mild	Severe
	(n=575)	(n=414)	(n=121)	p Value*

% Men	50	41	32	<0.001
Cognitive ability (mean, SD)	0.21 (0.8)	–0.16 (0.8)	–0.61 (0.7)	<0.001
Parental social class (% non-manual)	76	72	70	0.2
Adult social class (% non-manual)	53	51	60	0.01
Education (% O levels/equivalent)	65	70	74	0.3
Parenting
Intellectual environment (mean, SD)	2.3 (1.3)	2.32 (1.3)	2.10 (0.9)	0.3
Cognitive stimulation (mean, SD)	3.2 (1.3)	3.19 (0.8)	2.22 (1.3)	0.1
Coercive discipline (age 4) (mean, SD)	0.56 (0.8)	0.52 (0.8)	0.75 (0.9)	<0.06
Coercive discipline (age 8) (mean, SD)	0.53 (0.7)	0.53 (0.8)	0.71 (1.0)	<0.05
Parental interest (mean, SD) †	2.86 (0.9)	2.79 (1.0)	2.71 (1.0	0.4
Parental aspiration (mean, SD)†	2.67 (1.7)	2.73 (1.7)	2.52 (1.7)	0.2
Parental affection age 4 (% yes) †	87	88	86	0.8
Parental affection age 8 (% yes) †	80	82	71	0.02

*For difference between three groups.
†Not included in factor analysis.