Mean and Z-scores (95% CI) for BAS cognitive ability tests
| Boys | Mean test T-score | Model A | Model B | Model C | Model D | Model E | |||||
| Naming vocabulary, n=5815 | |||||||||||
| Never | 51.3 | −0.18 | (−0.33 to 0.03) | −0.13 | (−0.26 to 0.00) | −0.08 | (−0.21 to 0.06) | 0.00 | (−0.18 to 0.18) | −0.02 | (−0.18 to 0.14) |
| Not in pregnancy | 55.1 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||
| Light | 57.5 | 0.23 | (0.16 to 0.30) | 0.15 | (0.09 to 0.22) | 0.09 | (0.02 to 0.15) | 0.20 | (0.13 to 0.27) | 0.08 | (0.01 to 0.14) |
| Moderate | 56.1 | 0.09 | (−0.05 to 0.24) | 0.08 | (−0.07 to 0.23) | 0.03 | (−0.12 to 0.18) | 0.08 | (−0.06 to 0.22) | 0.04 | (−0.10 to 0.19) |
| Heavy/binge | 55.9 | 0.07 | (−0.13 to 0.27) | 0.12 | (−0.07 to 0.32) | 0.10 | (−0.09 to 0.29) | 0.06 | (−0.14 to 0.26) | 0.08 | (−0.11 to 0.26) |
| Picture similarities, n=5819 | |||||||||||
| Never | 53.3 | −0.14 | (−0.27 to 0.00) | −0.12 | (−0.24 to 0.01) | −0.09 | (−0.22 to 0.05) | 0.03 | (−0.14 to 0.21) | 0.00 | (−0.17 to 0.18) |
| Not in pregnancy | 54.6 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||
| Light | 56.3 | 0.16 | (0.09 to 0.23) | 0.12 | (0.05 to 0.18) | 0.07 | (0.01 to 0.14) | 0.15 | (0.08 to 0.22) | 0.08 | (0.01 to 0.14) |
| Moderate | 56.0 | 0.13 | (−0.01 to 0.27) | 0.11 | (−0.03 to 0.25) | 0.08 | (−0.05 to 0.21) | 0.13 | (0.00 to 0.27) | 0.09 | (−0.04 to 0.23) |
| Heavy/binge | 55.4 | 0.07 | (−0.11 to 0.25) | 0.10 | (−0.09 to 0.28) | 0.08 | (−0.10 to 0.25) | 0.08 | (−0.10 to 0.26) | 0.07 | (−0.10 to 0.24) |
| Pattern construction, n=5796 | |||||||||||
| Never | 49.1 | −0.09 | (−0.23 to 0.05) | −0.06 | (−0.19 to 0.07) | −0.02 | (−0.15 to 0.11) | 0.06 | (−0.13 to 0.24) | 0.05 | (−0.13 to 0.23) |
| Not in pregnancy | 50.0 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||
| Light | 51.6 | 0.16 | (0.09 to 0.23) | 0.11 | (0.04 to 0.17) | 0.06 | (−0.01 to 0.13) | 0.14 | (0.07 to 0.21) | 0.06 | (−0.01 to 0.13) |
| Moderate | 50.7 | 0.08 | (−0.06 to 0.21) | 0.06 | (−0.07 to 0.20) | 0.02 | (−0.12 to 0.16) | 0.06 | (−0.07 to 0.20) | 0.04 | (−0.10 to 0.18) |
| Heavy/binge | 49.7 | −0.02 | (−0.23 to 0.18) | 0.03 | (−0.17 to 0.22) | 0.01 | (−0.19 to 0.21) | −0.01 | (−0.22 to 0.19) | 0.01 | (−0.18 to 0.21) |
| Girls | |||||||||||
| Naming vocabulary, n=5555 | |||||||||||
| Never | 53.8 | −0.23 | (−0.38 to 0.08) | −0.14 | (−0.28 to 0.01) | −0.10 | (−0.23 to 0.04) | −0.10 | (−0.29 to 0.08) | −0.06 | (−0.24 to 0.11) |
| Not in pregnancy | 56.0 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||
| Light | 57.6 | 0.16 | (0.09 to 0.23) | 0.09 | (0.02 to 0.16) | 0.02 | (−0.05 to 0.09) | 0.14 | (0.07 to 0.21) | 0.02 | (−0.05 to 0.09) |
| Moderate | 55.9 | −0.01 | (−0.15 to 0.13) | 0.03 | (−0.10 to 0.16) | −0.02 | (−0.14 to 0.10) | 0.01 | (−0.12 to 0.14) | 0.00 | (−0.12 to 0.12) |
| Heavy/binge | 54.3 | −0.18 | (−0.35 to 0.01) | −0.12 | (−0.29 to 0.05) | −0.15 | (−0.31 to 0.02) | −0.15 | (−0.33 to 0.02) | −0.15 | (−0.31 to 0.01) |
| Picture similarities, n=5541 | |||||||||||
| Never | 56.0 | 0.00 | (−0.15 to 0.15) | 0.05 | (−0.10 to 0.20) | 0.08 | (−0.06 to 0.22) | 0.06 | (−0.12 to 0.25) | 0.09 | (−0.09 to 0.28) |
| Not in pregnancy | 56.0 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||
| Light | 56.7 | 0.07 | (0.00 to 0.14) | 0.04 | (−0.03 to 0.11) | −0.01 | (−0.08 to 0.06) | 0.06 | (−0.02 to 0.13) | −0.01 | (−0.07 to 0.06) |
| Moderate | 56.6 | 0.06 | (−0.08 to 0.20) | 0.09 | (−0.05 to 0.23) | 0.06 | (−0.08 to 0.19) | 0.07 | (−0.07 to 0.21) | 0.08 | (−0.06 to 0.21) |
| Heavy/binge | 54.4 | −0.16 | (−0.36 to 0.04) | −0.11 | (−0.30 to 0.08) | −0.14 | (−0.33 to 0.05) | −0.15 | (−0.35 to 0.06) | −0.14 | (−0.33 to 0.05) |
| Pattern construction, n=5534 | |||||||||||
| Never | 50.0 | −0.18 | (−033 to 0.03) | −0.12 | (−0.27 to 0.03) | −0.09 | (−0.23 to 0.04) | −0.07 | (−0.26 to 0.12) | −0.06 | (−0.24 to 0.12) |
| Not in pregnancy | 51.7 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||
| Light | 53.0 | 0.14 | (0.07 to 0.20) | 0.09 | (0.03 to 0.15) | 0.05 | (−0.02 to 0.12) | 0.12 | (0.05 to 0.18) | 0.05 | (−0.01 to 0.12) |
| Moderate | 52.3 | 0.06 | (−0.07 to 0.19) | 0.09 | (−0.03 to 0.21) | 0.06 | (−0.05 to 0.17) | 0.07 | (−0.05 to 0.20) | 0.08 | (−0.04 to 0.19) |
| Heavy/binge | 50.2 | −0.16 | (−0.35 to 0.03) | −0.09 | (−0.28 to 0.10) | −0.12 | (−0.31 to 0.06) | −0.14 | (−0.33 to 0.06) | −0.11 | (−0.29 to 0.08) |
Model A is unadjusted.
Model B adjusts for birth weight, mother's age at the time of birth, number of children in the household, mother smoked during pregnancy, pregnancy planned.
Model C adjusts for birth weight, parental income, highest parental educational qualification, highest parental occupation.
Model D adjusts for birth weight, mother's K6 score, parental discipline, child made to follow instructions, mother's parental competence, closeness of relationship between mother and child, mother's current drinking.
Model E adjusts for birth weight, mother's age at the time of birth, number of children in the household, mother smoked during pregnancy, pregnancy planned, parental income, highest parental educational qualification, highest parental occupation, mother's K6 score, parental discipline, child made to follow instructions, mother's parental competence, closeness of relationship between mother and child, mother's current drinking.
BAS, British ability scales.