Outcome by age in years† | SEP group (Reference group 1 is least disadvantaged; group 5 is most disadvantaged) | Test for association p value‡ | Test for non-linearity p value§ | Test for age interaction p value¶ | |||
2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||||
Socio-emotional competence | 0.80 | ||||||
2–3, 4–5 and 6–7 y combined | 0.9 (0.8 to 1.1) | 1.1 (0.9 to 1.3) | 1.2 (1.0 to 1.4) | 1.5 (1.3 to 1.8) | <0.001 | 0.009 | |
Socio-emotional difficulties | <0.001 | ||||||
2–3 | 1.3 (1.0 to 1.8) | 1.5 (1.1 to 1.9) | 1.5 (1.1 to 1.9) | 2.7 (2.1 to 3.5) | <0.001 | 0.005 | |
4–5 | 1.1 (0.9 to 1.5) | 1.5 (1.1 to 1.9) | 2.3 (1.8 to 3.0) | 4.2 (3.2 to 5.6) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
6–7 | 1.4 (1.1 to 1.8) | 1.4 (1.1 to 1.9) | 1.7 (1.3 to 2.1) | 3.5 (2.7 to 4.4) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
Communication | <0.001 (a), <0.001 (b) | ||||||
0–1 | 1.0 (0.8 to 1.3) | 1.1 (0.8 to 1.4) | 1.1 (0.8 to 1.4) | 0.9 (0.7 to 1.2) | 0.65 | 0.84 | |
2–3 (a: MCDI) | 1.3 (1.0 to 1.8) | 1.7 (1.3 to 2.2) | 1.6 (1.2 to 2.1) | 2.6 (2.0 to 3.4) | <0.001 | 0.13 | |
2–3 (b: CSS) | 1.0 (0.8 to 1.2) | 1.1 (0.9 to 1.5) | 1.2 (0.9 to 1.6) | 1.6 (1.2 to 2.1) | 0.001 | 0.49 | |
6–7 | 1.2 (0.9 to 1.7) | 1.5 (1.0 to 2.2) | 1.7 (1.2 to 2.4) | 3.2 (2.3 to 4.5) | <0.001 | 0.05 | |
Vocabulary | <0.001 | ||||||
2–3 | 1.3 (0.9 to1.8) | 1.6 (1.1 to 2.1) | 1.5 (1.1 to 2.1) | 2.7 (2.0 to 3.6) | <0.001 | 0.13 | |
4–5 | 1.8 (1.2 to 2.5) | 2.0 (1.4 to 2.8) | 3.2 (2.3 to 4.6) | 6.0 (4.2 to 8.6) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
6–7 | 1.7 (1.2 to 2.4) | 2.3 (1.7 to 3.2) | 3.4 (2.5 to 4.7) | 4.8 (3.5 to 6.5) | <0.001 | 0.98 | |
Emergent literacy | 0.51 (a), <0.001 (b) | ||||||
4–5 | 1.5 (1.1 to 2.1) | 1.9 (0.4 to 2.6) | 2.6 (1.9 to 3.5) | 3.6 (2.6 to 4.9) | <0.001 | 0.58 | |
6–7 (a: maths) | 1.4 (1.0 to 2.0) | 1.9 (1.4 to 2.6) | 2.4 (1.7 to 3.2) | 4.0 (3.0 to 5.4) | <0.001 | 0.12 | |
6–7 (b: language) | 2.0 (1.4 to 2.8) | 3.1 (2.1 to 4.4) | 3.6 (2.6 to 5.1) | 7.4 (5.3 to 10.2) | <0.001 | 0.16 |
↵* All models adjusted for age of child's primary carer and child gender.
↵† ‘Problem defined as an outcome score in poorest 15% for age-group.
↵‡ p Value for logistic regression of SEP and outcome.
↵§ p Value for test of non-linearity in the relationship between SEP group and outcome.
↵¶ p Value for test of interaction between SEP and age group.