Characteristics of participants included in this study
| Participants included in models (N=12 366) | |
| Male | 6380 (51.6%) |
| Female | 5986 (48.4%) |
| Maternal education | |
| Less than O-level | 3716 (30.1%) |
| O-level | 4287 (34.7%) |
| A-level | 2774 (22.4%) |
| Degree or above | 1589 (12.9%) |
| Birth length (cm), mean (SD) | 50.61 (2.40) |
| Birth weight (kg), mean (SD) | 3.39 (0.55) |
| Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) (N=10927) | 22.94 (3.86) |
| Maternal height (cm), mean (SD) (N=11553) | 163.97 (6.73) |
BMI, body mass index.