All-cause mortality (n = 673) | Violent death (n = 130) | Suicide (n = 85) | Violent death other than suicide (n = 45) | Non-violent death (n = 541) | CVD (n = 224) | |
HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | |
Crude | 1.91 (1.58 to 2.31) | 2.40 (1.60 to 3.59) | 2.20 (1.32 to 3.67) | 2.78 (1.44 to 5.39) | 1.80 (1.45 to 2.23) | 1.72 (1.22 to 2.41) |
Crowded housing 1960 | 1.88 (1.56 to 2.27) | 2.40 (1.60 to 3.59) | 2.14 (1.28 to 3.56) | 2.71 (1.40 to 5.27) | 1.78 (1.43 to 2.20) | 1.68 (1.20 to 2.36) |
Childhood SEP 1960 | 1.90 (1.57 to 2.30) | 2.40 (1.60 to 3.59) | 2.21 (1.32 to 3.68) | 2.77 (1.43 to 5.37) | 1.79 (1.44 to 2.22) | 1.66 (1.18 to 2.33) |
Risk use of alcohol 1969 | 1.85 (1.53 to 2.23) | 2.29 (1.52 to 3.43) | 2.14 (1.28 to 3.58) | 2.55 (1.31 to 4.96) | 1.75 (1.41 to 2.17) | 1.63 (1.16 to 2.29) |
Smoking 1969 | 1.83 (1.51 to 2.21) | 2.30 (1.53 to 3.45) | 2.16 (1.29 to 3.61) | 2.55 (1.32 to 4.96) | 1.72 (1.39 to 2.13) | 1.59 (1.13 to 2.23) |
Psychiatric diagnosis 1969 | 1.88 (1.55 to 2.27) | 2.29 (1.53 to 3.43) | 2.11 (1.26 to 3.52) | 2.64 (1.36 to 5.12) | 1.78 (1.44 to 2.21) | 1.69 (1.20 to 2.38) |
Low emotional control 1969 | 1.88 (1.55 to 2.27) | 2.31 (1.54 to 3.46) | 2.13 (1.28 to 3.55) | 2.68 (1.38 to 5.20) | 1.77 (1.43 to 2.20) | 1.69 (1.20 to 2.37) |
Police/childcare contact 1969 | 1.83 (1.51 to 2.21) | 2.22 (1.48 to 3.33) | 2.11 (1.26 to 3.52) | 2.41 (1.24 to 4.68) | 1.74 (1.40 to 2.16) | 1.62 (1.16 to 2.28) |
Adjusted for all above | 1.73 (1.43 to 2.09) | 2.06 (1.37 to 3.10) | 1.98 (1.18 to 3.32) | 2.19 (1.12 to 4.29) | 1.65 (1.33 to 2.05) | 1.47 (1.04 to 2.07) |
% reduction of HR | 20 | 24 | 19 | 33 | 19 | 34 |
Psychiatric diagnosis 1973–91 | 1.69 (1.39 to 2.04) | 1.95 (1.29 to 2.95) | 1.77 (1.05 to 2.98) | 2.33 (1.19 to 4.58) | 1.62 (1.30 to 2.02) | 1.56 (1.11 to 2.19) |
Adjusted for all above | 1.57 (1.29 to 1.90) | 1.75 (1.15 to 2.66) | 1.67 (0.98 to 2.83) | 1.92 (0.97 to 3.80) | 1.52 (1.22 to 1.89) | 1.37 (0.97 to 1.94) |
% reduction of HR | 38 | 46 | 44 | 49 | 44 | 48 |
SEP 1990 | 1.77 (1.46 to 2.14) | 2.23 (1.48 to 3.37) | 1.94 (1.15 to 3.27) | 2.89 (1.47 to 5.68) | 1.66 (1.34 to 2.07) | 1.52 (1.08 to 2.15) |
Education 1990 | 1.75 (1.45 to 2.12) | 2.17 (1.44 to 3.27) | 1.97 (1.18 to 3.30) | 2.59 (1.32 to 5.06) | 1.66 (1.33 to 2.06) | 1.53 (1.09 to 2.16) |
Income 1990–1 | 1.61 (1.33 to 1.96) | 2.06 (1.37 to 3.11) | 1.88 (1.12 to 3.16) | 2.43 (1.24 to 4.76) | 1.52 (1.22 to 1.89) | 1.38 (0.98 to 1.95) |
Sickness absence 1990–1 | 1.55 (1.28 to 1.88) | 1.86 (1.23 to 2.81) | 1.74 (1.03 to 2.94) | 2.07 (1.05 to 4.09) | 1.48 (1.18 to 1.84) | 1.36 (0.96 to 1.92) |
Full model | 1.30 (1.06 to 1.58) | 1.55 (1.01 to 2.37) | 1.42 (0.83 to 2.44) | 1.82 (0.90 to 3.69) | 1.24 (0.99 to 1.55) | 1.08 (0.76 to 1.53) |
% reduction of HR | 67 | 61 | 65 | 54 | 65 | 89 |
Crude and adjusted hazard ratios (HR) with 95% CIs. CVD, cardiovascular disease; SEP, socioeconomic position.
Values in bold and italic represent the attenuation of the hazard ratio.