Table 3 Adjusted hazard ratios* (95% confidence intervals) for incident functional disability per one standard deviation (SD) increase in relative deprivation by high and low absolute incomes separated by median: the Aichi Gerontological Evaluation Study (AGES), Aichi, Japan, 2003–2006 (N = 7673)
Reference group defined by:Model 1Model 2
Low incomeHigh incomeLow incomeHigh income
Men
    Area1.19 (1.04 to 1.36)1.89 (1.29 to 2.79)1.17 (1.02 to 1.33)1.82 (1.24 to 2.68)
    Age1.21 (1.06 to 1.38)1.76 (1.19 to 2.62)1.19 (1.04 to 1.36)1.71 (1.15 to 2.54)
    Education1.18 (1.04 to 1.35)1.81 (1.25 to 2.63)1.17 (1.02 to 1.33)1.72 (1.19 to 2.50)
    Area and sex1.19 (1.04 to 1.36)1.97 (1.32 to 2.95)1.17 (1.02 to 1.34)1.89 (1.26 to 2.83)
    Age and sex1.21 (1.06 to 1.38)1.82 (1.19 to 2.76)1.19 (1.04 to 1.36)1.75 (1.15 to 2.66)
    Education and sex1.18 (1.04 to 1.35)1.86 (1.26 to 2.72)1.17 (1.02 to 1.33)1.76 (1.20 to 2.58)
    Area, sex and age1.19 (1.04 to 1.36)1.83 (1.23 to 2.71)1.16 (1.02 to 1.33)1.76 (1.19 to 2.62)
    Area, sex and education1.16 (1.02 to 1.32)2.00 (1.38 to 2.89)1.14 (1.00 to 1.30)1.88 (1.30 to 2.72)
Women
    Area1.07 (0.92 to 1.24)0.83 (0.48 to 1.41)1.05 (0.90 to 1.23)0.89 (0.52 to 1.51)
    Age1.12 (0.96 to 1.31)0.76 (0.45 to 1.27)1.11 (0.95 to 1.30)0.82 (0.49 to 1.38)
    Education1.09 (0.94 to 1.28)0.86 (0.52 to 1.43)1.07 (0.92 to 1.25)0.92 (0.55 to 1.52)
    Area and sex1.06 (0.91 to 1.24)0.84 (0.50 to 1.39)1.05 (0.90 to 1.22)0.90 (0.54 to 1.48)
    Age and sex1.12 (0.96 to 1.32)0.78 (0.49 to 1.25)1.11 (0.94 to 1.30)0.84 (0.53 to 1.35)
    Education and sex1.09 (0.94 to 1.28)0.85 (0.52 to 1.39)1.07 (0.92 to 1.25)0.91 (0.56 to 1.48)
    Area, sex and age1.06 (0.91 to 1.23)0.88 (0.56 to 1.40)1.04 (0.89 to 1.22)0.95 (0.60 to 1.50)
    Area, sex and education1.06 (0.91 to 1.23)1.00 (0.62 to 1.61)1.04 (0.89 to 1.21)1.05 (0.66 to 1.68)
  • Model 1 is adjusted for age, marital status, medical care and education. Model 2 is adjusted for the covariates in Model 1 plus smoking, alcohol consumption and health check-up.