Table 3 Regression coefficients for the association between parental age at birth of first child and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors at age 53 years: unadjusted and adjusted for childhood and adolescent factors (childhood social class, cognitive score at age 8 years, age at puberty)

Outcome	n	Unadjusted							Adjusted for childhood and adolescent factors
		Regression coefficient and 95% confidence interval compared with baseline group of ⩾30 years							Regression coefficient and 95% CI compared with baseline group of ⩾30 years
		<20 years		20–25 years		25–29 years		p Value trend	<20 years		20–25 years		25–29 years		p Value trend
BMI (kg/m²)
Women	939	1.8	0.4 to 3.3	1.0	−0.2 to 2.1	0.2	−1.0 to 1.5	0.002	0.8	−0.6 to 2.3	0.4	−0.8 to 1.5	0.0	−1.2 to 1.2	0.7
Men	877	1.8	0.4 to 3.2	1.2	0.5 to 2.0	0.4	−0.3 to 1.1	<0.001	1.1	−0.4 to 2.5	0.8	0.1 to 1.6	0.3	−0.4 to 1.0	0.01
Waist–hip ratio (%)
Women	942	1.3	−0.4 to 3.0	0.3	−1.1 to 1.7	−0.3	−1.8 to 1.2	0.06	0.4	−1.4 to 2.1	−0.2	−1.6 to 1.2	−0.4	−1.9 to 1.1	0.9
Men	877	2.6	0.4 to 4.8	2.0	0.9 to 3.1	0.5	−0.5 to 1.6	<0.001	1.5	−0.7 to 3.8	1.3	0.1 to 2.5	0.2	−0.8 to 1.3	0.005
SBP (mmHg)
Women	928	7.7	1.9 to 13.5	6.3	1.6 to 10.9	2.1	−2.8 to 7.0	<0.001	6.8	0.8 to 12.8	6.0	1.3 to 10.7	2.1	−2.8 to 7.0	0.002
Men	874	8.1	0.1 to 16.0	4.4	0.3 to 8.4	−0.8	−4.6 to 3.0	0.003	5.8	−2.2 to 13.8	2.8	−1.3 to 6.9	−1.2	−5.1 to 2.6	0.04
DBP (mmHg)
Women	928	3.0	−0.4 to 6.5	2.2	−0.6 to 4.9	0.3	−2.6 to 3.2	0.01	2.5	−1.0 to 6.0	2.0	−0.8 to 4.7	0.2	−2.7 to 3.1	0.04
Men	874	4.0	−0.9 to 8.9	3.8	1.3 to 6.3	0.5	−1.8 to 2.9	0.001	2.1	−2.8 to 7.0	2.5	−0.02 to 5.0	0.2	−2.2 to 2.5	0.04
TC (mmol/l)
Women	815	−0.02	−0.34 to 0.29	0.17	−0.09 to 0.42	0.10	−0.17 to 0.37	0.8	−0.06	−0.39 to 0.26	0.14	−0.17 to 0.40	0.09	−0.18 to 0.36	1.0
Men	782	−0.09	−0.51 to 0.33	0.03	−0.19 to 0.25	−0.04	−0.24 to 0.16	0.9	−0.15	−0.57 to 0.28	0.01	−0.21 to 0.24	−0.04	−0.24 to 0.17	0.9
LDL-C (mmol/l)
Women	785	0.15	−0.14 to 0.44	0.18	−0.05 to 0.42	0.12	−0.13 to 0.37	0.2	0.11	−0.19 to 0.41	0.16	−0.08 to 0.40	0.12	−0.13 to 0.37	0.4
Men	691	−0.03	−0.41 to 0.34	0.06	−0.13 to 0.26	0.06	−0.12 to 0.25	0.8	−0.05	−0.43 to 0.33	0.06	−0.14 to 0.26	0.06	−0.12 to 0.25	0.8
HDL-C (mmol/l)
Women	787	−0.18	−0.32 to −0.04	−0.03	−0.14 to 0.09	0.00	−0.12 to 0.12	0.01	−0.14	−0.28 to 0.01	−0.01	−0.12 to 0.11	0.00	−0.17 to 0.12	0.1
Men	697	−0.02	−0.18 to 0.15	−0.07	−0.15 to 0.02	−0.04	−0.12 to 0.04	0.2	−0.02	−0.19 to 0.15	−0.06	−0.15 to 0.02	−0.03	−0.11 to 0.05	0.2
Triglycerides (%)*
Women	815	6.9	−7.9 to 21.7	4.5	−7.4 to 16.5	−0.9	−13.6 to 11.7	0.1	1.1	−13.9 to 16.1	1.4	−10.6 to 13.4	−1.0	−13.5 to 11.6	0.7
Men	780	6.2	−16.5 to 28.8	15.8	4.1 to 27.6	4.5	−6.6 to 15.5	0.02	−0.06	−23.0 to 22.8	12.4	0.4 to 24.4	3.6	−7.5 to 14.7	0.1
HbA1c (%)*
Women	817	2.2	−0.6 to 5.1	1.7	−0.7 to 4.0	1.5	−1.0 to 3.9	0.1	1.2	−1.7 to 4.2	1.1	−1.3 to 3.4	1.2	−1.3 to 3.7	0.5
Men	788	2.3	−1.3 to 6.0	2.7	0.8 to 4.6	0.6	−1.2 to 2.4	0.003	2.2	−1.5 to 5.9	2.6	0.6 to 4.5	0.6	−1.2 to 2.4	0.007

*Outcomes transformed using 100×log_e so that regression coefficients represent percent change in outcome for each group compared with baseline group.
BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol.