Table 5 Regression output: the crude and adjusted association between community-level maternal literacy and height-for-age z-scores (N = 5474)

	Model A			Model B			Model C
	Coeff	SE	p	Coeff	SE	p	Coeff	SE	p
Constant	−1.597	0.080	0.000	−1.830	0.163	0.000	−1.699	0.166	0.000
Community-level maternal literacy (0–1)	0.624	0.120	0.000	0.493	0.160	0.002	0.295	0.165	0.073
Independent risk factors				−0.005	0.000	0.000	−0.004	0.000	0.000
Age of child (months)				−0.145	0.029	0.000	−0.140	0.029	0.000
Sex of child (0, female; 1, male)
Confounders
Age of mother (years)				0.008	0.003	0.004	0.008	0.003	0.006
Housing quality score (household wealth) (0–1)				0.358	0.064	0.000	0.241	0.065	0.000
Household land ownership (0, no; 1, yes)				0.057	0.040	0.158	0.034	0.040	0.389
Adults in household (no.)				0.008	0.009	0.372	0.006	0.009	0.545
Children in household (no.)				−0.065	0.017	0.000	−0.055	0.017	0.001
Economic sectors household involved with (no.)				0.027	0.021	0.195	0.018	0.021	0.398
Urbanity (0, rural; 1, urban)				0.163	0.114	0.152	0.115	0.113	0.312
Country (0, Vietnam; 1, India)				0.127	0.117	0.278	0.028	0.118	0.810
Maternal education
Primary							0.054	0.045	0.223
Secondary							0.048	0.051	0.345
Higher							0.221	0.060	0.000
Paternal education
Primary							0.018	0.044	0.677
Secondary							0.125	0.048	0.010
Higher							0.212	0.051	0.000