Energy-adjusted nutrient consumption in exocrine pancreatic cancer cases with and without K-ras mutations. Tertiles of energy-adjusted intakes of nutrients
| All cases (n = 107) | K-ras | Adjusted OR* | Adjusted OR† | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mutated (n = 83) | Wild-type (n = 24) | p Value‡ | OR (95% CI) | p Value § | OR (95% CI) | p Value § | ||
| Values in parentheses are column percentages. | ||||||||
| RE, retinol equivalents (1 RE = 1 μg = 5 IU of vitamin A). | ||||||||
| *Odds ratio adjusted for total energy, age and sex. | ||||||||
| †Odds ratio adjusted for total energy, age, sex, smoking, alcohol and coffee. | ||||||||
| ‡Unless otherwise specified, p value derived from Fisher’s exact test. | ||||||||
| §Unless otherwise specified, p value derived from multivariate analogue of Mantel’s extension test for linear trend. | ||||||||
| ¶Student’s t test. | ||||||||
| **Mantel-Haenszel’s χ2 test for linear trend. | ||||||||
| ††Likelihood ratio test. | ||||||||
| Energy intake (Kcal) | ||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 1761.1 (328.7) | 1763.8 (310.4) | 1751.8 (392.8) | 0.891¶ | ||||
| Median | 1745.1 | 1745.1 | 1728.7 | |||||
| <1536.1 | 27 (25.2) | 17 (20.5) | 10 (41.7) | 0.223** | 1.00 | 0.222 | 1.00 | 0.982 |
| 1536.1–1828.5 | 34 (31.8) | 30 (36.1) | 4 (16.6) | 0.069 | 4.60 (1.22–17.35) | 0.060†† | 3.38 (0.78–14.66) | 0.155†† |
| >1828.5 | 46 (43.0) | 36 (43.4) | 10 (41.7) | 2.10 (0.73–6.02) | 1.16 (0.31–4.41) | |||
| Total protein (g) | ||||||||
| <70.58 | 32 (29.9) | 26 (31.3) | 6 (25.0) | 0.504** | 1.00 | 0.493 | 1.00 | 0.313 |
| 70.58–79.0 | 44 (41.1) | 34 (41.0) | 10 (41.7) | 0.767 | 0.77 (0.25–2.43) | 0.99 (0.29–3.44) | ||
| >79.0 | 31 (29.0) | 23 (27.7) | 8 (33.3) | 0.65 (0.19–2.21) | 0.51 (0.13–1.92) | |||
| Total fat (g) | ||||||||
| <69.41 | 30 (28.0) | 26 (31.3) | 4 (16.7) | 0.429** | 1.00 | 0.427 | 1.00 | 0.506 |
| 69.41–75.41 | 37 (34.6) | 26 (31.3) | 11 (45.8) | 0.290 | 0.33 (0.09–1.23) | 0.228†† | 0.24 (0.06–0.99) | 0.103†† |
| >75.41 | 40 (37.4) | 31 (37.4) | 9 (37.5) | 0.53 (0.15–1.92) | 0.55 (0.12–2.44) | |||
| Saturated fat (g) | ||||||||
| <20.96 | 30 (28.0) | 23 (27.7) | 7 (29.2) | 0.296** | 1.00 | 0.296 | 1.00 | 0.588 |
| 20.96–23.54 | 40 (37.4) | 28 (33.7) | 12 (50.0) | 0.221 | 0.64 (0.20–2.04) | 0.185†† | 0.47 (0.13–1.72) | 0.198†† |
| >23.54 | 37 (34.6) | 32 (38.6) | 5 (20.8) | 1.89 (0.53–6.77) | 1.43 (0.34–6.08) | |||
| MUFA (g) | ||||||||
| <30.65 | 32 (29.9) | 26 (31.3) | 6 (25.0) | 0.504** | 1.00 | 0.493 | 1.00 | 0.315 |
| 30.65–34.25 | 44 (41.1) | 34 (41.0) | 10 (41.7) | 0.767 | 0.77 (0.25–2.43) | 0.99 (0.29–3.44) | ||
| >34.25 | 31 (29.0) | 23 (27.7) | 8 (33.3) | 0.65 (0.19–2.21) | 0.51 (0.13–1.92) | |||
| PUFA (g) | ||||||||
| <11.55 | 36 (33.6) | 32 (38.6) | 4 (16.6) | 0.038** | 1.00 | 0.024 | 1.00 | 0.027 |
| 11.55–12.36 | 40 (37.4) | 30 (36.1) | 10 (41.7) | 0.090 | 0.40 (0.11–1.48) | 0.34 (0.08–1.48) | ||
| >12.36 | 31 (29.0) | 21 (25.3) | 10 (41.7) | 0.22 (0.05–0.93) | 0.19 (0.04–0.94) | |||
| Omega 3 fats (g) | ||||||||
| <1.08 | 38 (35.5) | 32 (38.5) | 6 (25.0) | 0.044** | 1.00 | 0.035 | 1.00 | 0.024 |
| 1.08–1.20 | 43 (40.2) | 35 (42.2) | 8 (33.3) | 0.093 | 0.81 (0.25–2.64) | 0.75 (0.22–2.64) | ||
| >1.20 | 26 (24.3) | 16 (19.3) | 10 (41.7) | 0.26 (0.08–0.91) | 0.19 (0.05–0.81) | |||
| Omega 6 fats (g) | ||||||||
| <10.23 | 35 (32.7) | 28 (33.7) | 7 (29.2) | 0.222** | 1.00 | 0.193 | 1.00 | 0.098 |
| 10.23–11.03 | 42 (39.3) | 35 (42.2) | 7 (29.2) | 0.242 | 1.44 (0.43–4.76) | 0.115†† | 1.65 (0.43–6.35) | 0.059†† |
| >11.03 | 30 (28.0) | 20 (24.1) | 10 (41.6) | 0.31 (0.08–1.27) | 0.30 (0.06–1.45) | |||
| Cholesterol (mg) | ||||||||
| <249.8 | 25 (23.4) | 21 (25.4) | 4 (16.6) | 0.471** | 1.00 | 0.456 | 1.00 | 0.372 |
| 249.8–312.0 | 41 (38.3) | 31 (37.3) | 10 (41.7) | 0.669 | 0.57 (0.15–2.11) | 0.75 (0.19–3.05) | ||
| >312.0 | 41 (38.3) | 31 (37.3) | 10 (41.7) | 0.58 (0.16–2.11) | 0.55 (0.14–2.19) | |||
| Carbohydrates (g) | ||||||||
| <162.25 | 38 (35.5) | 29 (34.9) | 9 (37.5) | 0.415** | 1.00 | 0.394 | 1.00 | 0.443 |
| 162.25–184.30 | 41 (38.3) | 30 (36.2) | 11 (45.8) | 0.494 | 0.82 (0.29–2.30) | 0.390†† | 0.82 (0.26–2.57) | 0.448†† |
| >184.30 | 28 (26.2) | 24 (28.9) | 4 (16.7) | 1.96 (0.53–7.28) | 1.96 (0.45–8.60) | |||
| Fibre (g) | ||||||||
| <14.85 | 47 (43.9) | 38 (45.8) | 9 (37.5) | 0.941** | 1.00 | 0.946 | 1.00 | 0.814 |
| 14.85–17.56 | 32 (29.9) | 22 (26.5) | 10 (41.7) | 0.386 | 0.51 (0.18–1.46) | 0.351†† | 0.40 (0.12–1.34) | 0.079†† |
| >17.56 | 28 (26.2) | 23 (27.7) | 5 (20.8) | 1.11 (0.33–3.77) | 1.36 (0.34–5.41) | |||
| Carotene (RE) | ||||||||
| <372.0 | 40 (37.4) | 34 (41.0) | 6 (25.0) | 0.248** | 1.00 | 0.209 | 1.00 | 0.192 |
| 372.0–650.0 | 40 (37.4) | 29 (34.9) | 11 (45.8) | 0.391 | 0.43 (0.13–1.36) | 0.293†† | 0.28 (0.07–1.03) | 0.131†† |
| >650.0 | 27 (25.2) | 20 (24.1) | 7 (29.2) | 0.45 (0.13–1.62) | 0.40 (0.10–1.63) | |||
| Retinol (RE) | ||||||||
| <436.3 | 39 (36.4) | 31 (37.4) | 8 (33.3) | 0.820** | 1.00 | 0.821 | 1.00 | 0.588 |
| 436.3–581.0 | 37 (34.6) | 28 (33.7) | 9 (37.5) | 0.957 | 0.79 (0.27–2.36) | 0.917†† | 0.94 (0.28–3.07) | 0.845†† |
| >581.0 | 31 (29.0) | 24 (28.9) | 7 (29.2) | 0.89 (0.28–2.84) | 0.70 (0.20–2.46) | |||
| Vitamin E (mg) | ||||||||
| <9.29 | 50 (46.7) | 42 (50.6) | 8 (33.3) | 0.076** | 1.00 | 0.063 | 1.00 | 0.036 |
| 9.29–10.43 | 34 (31.8) | 26 (31.3) | 8 (33.3) | 0.201 | 0.57 (0.18–1.79) | 0.42 (0.12–1.45) | ||
| >10.43 | 23 (21.5) | 15 (18.1) | 8 (33.3) | 0.31 (0.09–1.08) | 0.24 (0.06–0.98) | |||
| Vitamin C (mg) | ||||||||
| <125.5 | 50 (46.8) | 42 (50.6) | 8 (33.3) | 0.375** | 1.00 | 0.356 | 1.00 | 0.276 |
| 125.5–157.0 | 30 (28.0) | 20 (24.1) | 10 (41.7) | 0.177 | 0.34 (0.11–1.05) | 0.168†† | 0.14 (0.04–0.57) | 0.014†† |
| >157.0 | 27 (25.2) | 21 (25.3) | 6 (25.0) | 0.64 (0.18–2.24) | 0.57 (0.14–2.38) | |||
| Vitamin D (μg) | ||||||||
| <4.23 | 41 (38.3) | 30 (36.1) | 11 (45.8) | 0.402** | 1.00 | 0.351 | 1.00 | 0.882 |
| 4.23–5.13 | 39 (36.4) | 31 (37.3) | 8 (33.3) | 0.731 | 1.42 (0.48–4.15) | 0.348†† | 0.94 (0.29–3.03) | 0.882†† |
| >5.13 | 27 (25.2) | 22 (26.5) | 5 (20.8) | 1.78 (0.48–6.56) | 1.16 (0.27–4.95) | |||
| Vitamin B6 (mg) | ||||||||
| <1.52 | 35 (32.7) | 31 (37.3) | 4 (16.7) | 0.047** | 1.00 | 0.035 | 1.00 | 0.098 |
| 1.52–1.71 | 44 (41.1) | 33 (39.8) | 11 (45.8) | 0.108 | 0.35 (0.10–1.27) | 0.32 (0.07–1.34) | ||
| >1.71 | 28 (26.2) | 19 (22.9) | 9 (37.5) | 0.24 (0.06–0.94) | 0.27 (0.06–1.24) | |||
| Vitamin B12 (μg) | ||||||||
| <6.95 | 38 (35.5) | 32 (38.6) | 6 (25.0) | 0.266** | 1.00 | 0.258 | 1.00 | 0.199 |
| 6.95–9.23 | 43 (40.2) | 32 (38.6) | 11(45.8) | 0.468 | 0.54 (0.18–1.65) | 0.63 (0.19–2.07) | ||
| >9.23 | 26 (24.3) | 19 (22.9) | 7 (29.2) | 0.50 (0.14–1.75) | 0.42 (0.11–1.61) | |||
| Folate (μg) | ||||||||
| <235.0 | 43 (40.2) | 33 (39.8) | 10 (41.6) | 0.917** | 1.00 | 0.905 | 1.00 | 0.862 |
| 235.0–282.35 | 36 (33.6) | 29 (34.9) | 7 (29.2) | 0.876 | 1.25 (0.41–3.79) | 0.865†† | 0.77 (0.22–2.73) | 0.923†† |
| >282.35 | 28 (26.2) | 21 (25.3) | 7 (29.2) | 0.90 (0.30–2.76) | 0.91 (0.26–3.15) | |||
| Calcium (mg) | ||||||||
| <778.0 | 43 (40.2) | 29 (34.9) | 14 (58.3) | 0.070** | 1.00 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 0.166 |
| 7778.0–927.9 | 38 (35.5) | 32 (38.6) | 6 (25.0) | 0.145 | 2.85 (0.93–8.77) | 1.69 (0.49–5.82) | ||
| >927.9 | 26 (24.3) | 22 (26.5) | 4 (16.7) | 3.79 (0.91–15.87) | 2.87 (0.60–13.75) | |||