Factors predicting CIES related outcomes
| Number | CIES ⩾26 (moderate/severe) | CIES ⩾9 (mild/moderate/severe) | Intrusive score (CIES) (>75th centile) | Avoidance score (CIES) (>75th centile | At least one hyper-arousal behaviour (sometimes/always) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (row %) | ORu | ORm | (row %) | ORu | ORm | (row %) | ORu | ORm | (row %) | ORu | ORm | (row %) | ORu | ORm | ||
| ORu, odds ratio is calculated univariately. ORm, odds ratio is obtained by multivariable logistic regression models, using variables significant in the univariate analyses; only significant items were tabulated in the table. Variables that are non-significant in all the univariate analysis were not tabulated in this table, including education level, current marital status, LOT score, knew someone from Hong Kong then staying in affected countries. NA, not applicable; NS, univariate significant but multivariate non-significant; – unvariate non-significant. | ||||||||||||||||
| (All) | 604 | 7.3 | NA | 42.3 | NA | 28.0 | NA | 24.1 | NA | 39.7 | NA | |||||
| Sex | ||||||||||||||||
| Female | 312 | 8.7 | 1.00 | – | 48.2 | 1.00 | NS | 33.4 | 1.00 | NS | 26.0 | 1.00 | – | 45.2 | 1.00 | NS |
| Male | 292 | 5.9 | 0.66 | 35.9 | 0.60** | 22.1 | 0.56** | 22.0 | 0.80 | 33.9 | 0.62** | |||||
| Age group | ||||||||||||||||
| 18–24 | 93 | 9.7 | 1.00 | – | 52.7 | 1.00 | NS | 34.4 | 1.00 | – | 34.4 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 38.7 | 1.00 | – |
| 25–39 | 213 | 5.2 | 0.51 | 39.9 | 0.60* | 25.8 | 0.66 | 19.2 | 0.45** | 0.46* | 34.7 | 0.84 | ||||
| 40–60 | 297 | 8.1 | 0.83 | 40.7 | 0.62* | 27.5 | 0.72 | 24.3 | 0.61 | 0.56* | 43.8 | 1.23 | ||||
| Employment status | ||||||||||||||||
| Full time | 373 | 6.7 | 1.00 | – | 35.8 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 21.2 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 21.2 | 1.00 | NS | 36.7 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Part time | 23 | 4.3 | 0.63 | 43.5 | 1.38 | 1.04 | 26.1 | 1.31 | 1.14 | 21.7 | 1.03 | 39.1 | 1.11 | 1.18 | ||
| Not employed | 207 | 8.7 | 1.33 | 53.9 | 2.10*** | 1.98** | 40.3 | 2.50*** | 2.43*** | 29.6 | 1.57* | 45.4 | 1.43* | 1.61* | ||
| Religion status | ||||||||||||||||
| No religion | 419 | 6.5 | 1.00 | – | 41.0 | 1.00 | NS | 26.6 | 1.00 | NS | 22.0 | 1.00 | NS | 37.9 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Christian/Catholic | 119 | 7.6 | 1.18 | 37.8 | 0.88 | 26.1 | 0.97 | 24.4 | 1.14 | 37.0 | 0.96 | 1.00 | ||||
| Buddhist/Taoist | 47 | 12.8 | 2.11 | 61.7 | 2.32** | 40.4 | 1.87* | 40.4 | 2.41** | 63.8 | 2.89** | 2.55** | ||||
| Folk religion | 18 | 11.1 | 1.81 | 50.0 | 1.44 | 38.9 | 1.75 | 27.8 | 1.36 | 38.9 | 1.04 | 0.73 | ||||
| Ever travelled to affected areas | ||||||||||||||||
| No | 429 | 6.8 | 1.00 | – | 40.8 | 1.00 | – | 26.8 | 1.00 | – | 23.2 | 1.00 | – | 36.1 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 163 | 8.6 | 1.29 | 45.4 | 1.20 | 30.7 | 1.21 | 25.8 | 1.15 | 47.9 | 1.62** | 1.76** | ||||
| Relatives then living in affected countries | ||||||||||||||||
| No | 520 | 6.2 | 1.00 | NS | 40.3 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 26.6 | 1.00 | – | 23.2 | 1.00 | – | 38.5 | 1.00 | – |
| Yes | 80 | 13.9 | 2.46* | 55.7 | 1.86* | 1.99* | 36.7 | 1.60 | 30.0 | 1.42 | 47.5 | 1.45 | ||||
| Number of times of media exposure/day | ||||||||||||||||
| <5 | 152 | 5.9 | 1.00 | NS | 34.2 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 20.4 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 24.3 | 1.00 | – | 37.5 | 1.00 | – |
| 5–10 | 248 | 3.2 | 0.53 | 39.7 | 1.27 | 1.15 | 24.3 | 1.25 | 1.15 | 19.8 | 0.77 | 36.3 | 0.95 | |||
| >10 | 204 | 13.4 | 2.45* | 51.5 | 2.04** | 1.68* | 38.1 | 2.40*** | 2.04* | 29.1 | 1.27 | 45.6 | 1.40 | |||
| Distressful image exposure score (DIES) | ||||||||||||||||
| Low (⩽16) | 196 | 4.1 | 1.00 | NS | 36.6 | 1.00 | NS | 20.1 | 1.00 | NS | 24.6 | 1.00 | – | 34.2 | 1.00 | NS |
| Medium (17–20) | 278 | 5.8 | 1.43 | 39.4 | 1.12 | 25.3 | 1.34 | 21.3 | 0.83 | 35.3 | 1.05 | |||||
| High (⩾21) | 129 | 15.5 | 4.27** | 57.4 | 2.33*** | 45.7 | 3.35*** | 29.5 | 1.28 | 58.1 | 2.67*** | |||||
| Weighted visual unrest score (WVUS) | ||||||||||||||||
| Low (⩽21) | 157 | 2.5 | 1.00 | NS | 22.3 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 12.7 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 11.5 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 26.8 | 1.00 | NS |
| Medium (22–40) | 316 | 5.4 | 2.19 | 41.1 | 2.43*** | 2.67*** | 24.5 | 2.23** | 1.29 | 25.1 | 2.59** | 2.36** | 40.5 | 1.86** | ||
| High (⩾41) | 125 | 18.4 | 8.63*** | 71.2 | 8.62*** | 14.67*** | 56.0 | 8.72*** | 4.04*** | 38.4 | 4.81*** | 4.74*** | 54.4 | 3.27*** | ||
| Distressful content exposure score (DCES) | ||||||||||||||||
| Low (⩽18) | 155 | 3.2 | 1.00 | NS | 36.4 | 1.00 | NS | 17.5 | 1.00 | NS | 24.0 | 1.00 | – | 30.3 | 1.00 | NS |
| Medium (19–23) | 338 | 8.0 | 2.60 | 39.5 | 1.14 | 28.5 | 1.87* | 22.6 | 0.92 | 39.6 | 1.51* | |||||
| High (⩾24) | 110 | 11.0 | 3.69* | 59.6 | 2.59*** | 41.3 | 3.31*** | 29.1 | 1.30 | 52.7 | 2.56*** | |||||
| Weighted content unrest score (WUS) | ||||||||||||||||
| Low (⩽27) | 152 | 0.0 | – | – | 21.7 | 1.00 | NS | 9.9 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 13.8 | 1.00 | NS | 23.7 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Medium (28–46) | 317 | 6.7 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 42.5 | 2.67*** | 28.6 | 3.65*** | 1.85 | 24.4 | 2.02** | 42.0 | 2.33*** | 1.72* | ||
| High (⩾47) | 131 | 17.7 | 3.01** | 5.61*** | 66.9 | 7.30*** | 48.5 | 8.59*** | 2.62* | 35.9 | 3.49*** | 53.4 | 3.70*** | 2.43** | ||
| Tsunami caused by human damaging ecosystem | ||||||||||||||||
| Disagree | 334 | 6.6 | 1.00 | – | 39.5 | 1.00 | – | 25.0 | 1.00 | – | 20.4 | 1.00 | NS | 37.1 | 1.00 | – |
| Agree | 250 | 8.0 | 1.23 | 45.0 | 1.25 | 30.5 | 1.32 | 28.5 | 1.55* | 43.2 | 1.29 | |||||
| Natural disasters are punishments by God | ||||||||||||||||
| Disagree | 393 | 5.9 | 1.00 | – | 36.1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 23.3 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 19.2 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 38.4 | 1.00 | – |
| Agree | 195 | 9.2 | 1.63 | 54.9 | 2.16*** | 1.75** | 36.9 | 1.93** | 1.55* | 33.8 | 2.16*** | 1.83** | 42.1 | 1.16 | ||
| Major natural disaster would occur in Hong Kong in lifetime | ||||||||||||||||
| Disagree | 290 | 4.5 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 41.2 | 1.00 | – | 24.9 | 1.00 | – | 24.2 | 1.00 | – | 41.0 | 1.00 | – |
| Agree | 295 | 9.6 | 2.24* | 2.67* | 42.3 | 1.05 | 30.0 | 1.29 | 23.8 | 0.98 | 39.7 | 0.95 | ||||
| Sharing more frequently with friends or family members | ||||||||||||||||
| No difference/disagree | 426 | 4.5 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 35.9 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 21.1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 20.9 | 1.00 | NS | 31.9 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Agree | 177 | 14.3 | 3.57*** | 3.19** | 57.7 | 2.44*** | 2.25*** | 44.6 | 3.00*** | 2.69*** | 31.8 | 1.77** | 58.8 | 3.04*** | 2.41*** | |
| Frequency talking with family members/friends about the tsunami (per day) | ||||||||||||||||
| <1 | 193 | 4.7 | 1.00 | NS | 32.3 | 1.00 | NS | 19.8 | 1.00 | NS | 21.4 | 1.00 | – | 31.1 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 1–3 | 294 | 7.2 | 1.57 | 45.4 | 1.74** | 30.4 | 1.77* | 26.6 | 1.34 | 45.6 | 1.86** | 1.58* | ||||
| ⩾4 | 116 | 12.2 | 2.82* | 51.3 | 2.21** | 35.7 | 2.25** | 22.4 | 1.06 | 39.7 | 1.46 | 1.10 | ||||