(1) Frequency of exposing to the studied types of mass media (number of times per day)*
| | | 0.86 | | | | 0.30 | | | 0.12 | |
0–4 | 26.0 | 24.4 | | 20.4 | 23.5 | 27.9 | | 22.2 | 27.0 | | 25.2 |
5–10 | 40.1 | 42.0 | | 41.9 | 39.0 | 42.1 | | 38.9 | 42.1 | | 41.1 |
>10 | 33.9 | 33.7 | | 37.6 | 37.6 | 30.0 | | 38.9 | 30.9 | | 33.8 |
Mean | 9.53 | 9.43 | | 8.94 | 10.14 | 9.18 | | 10.08 | 9.14 | | 9.48 |
(SD) | (6.60) | (6.26) | | (4.45) | (7.22) | (6.33) | | (6.67) | (6.27) | | (6.42) |
(2) Distressful images exposure score (DIES)
| | | 0.54 | | | | 0.49 | | | 0.47 | |
Low (<25th centile) (⩽16) | 32.9 | 32.2 | | 33.3 | 31.1 | 33.3 | | 34.8 | 31.2 | | 32.5 |
Medium (25th–75th centile)(17–20) | 47.6 | 44.7 | | 49.5 | 49.1 | 42.8 | | 46.2 | 45.9 | | 46.1 |
High (>75th centile) (⩾21) | 19.5 | 23.2 | | 17.2 | 19.8 | 23.9 | | 19.0 | 22.8 | | 21.4 |
Mean | 17.79 | 18.17 | | 17.80 | 17.93 | 18.09 | | 17.69 | 18.16 | | 17.99 |
(SD) | (3.31) | (3.45) | | (3.22) | (3.20) | (3.57) | | (3.33) | (3.41) | | (3.39) |
(3) Weighted visual unrest score (WVUS)†
| | |
<0.001
| | | |
0.04
| | |
0.009
| |
Low (<25th centile) (⩽21) | 34.2 | 18.6 | | 30.1 | 32.1 | 20.9 | | 33.5 | 22.1 | | 26.3 |
Medium (25th–75th centile)(22–40) | 53.1 | 52.6 | | 53.8 | 48.6 | 55.5 | | 48.4 | 55.3 | | 52.8 |
High (>75th centile) (⩾41) | 12.7 | 28.8 | | 16.1 | 19.3 | 23.6 | | 18.1 | 22.6 | | 20.9 |
Mean | 29.21 | 35.15 | | 31.56 | 31.02 | 33.38 | | 30.82 | 33.10 | | 32.25 |
(SD) | (12.87) | (13.98) | | (14.58) | (13.23) | (13.85) | | (14.20) | (13.47) | | (13.76) |
(4) Distressful content exposure score (DCES)
| | | 0.08 | | | | 0.29 | | | 0.30 | |
Low (<25th centile) (⩽18) | 29.8 | 21.9 | | 29.0 | 24.5 | 25.3 | | 28.1 | 24.1 | | 25.7 |
Medium (25th–75th centile)(19–23) | 53.1 | 58.8 | | 59.1 | 58.5 | 53.5 | | 56.6 | 55.9 | | 56.1 |
High (>75th centile) (⩾24) | 17.1 | 19.3 | | 11.8 | 17.0 | 21.2 | | 15.4 | 19.9 | | 18.2 |
Mean | 20.46 | 20.92 | | 20.10 | 20.60 | 20.96 | | 20.34 | 20.91 | | 20.69 |
(SD) | (3.54) | (3.40) | | (3.09) | (3.24) | (3.72) | | (3.40) | (3.50) | | (3.47) |
(5) Weighted content unrest score (WCUS)
| | |
<0.001
| | | | 0.46 | | | 0.16 | |
Low (<25th centile) (⩽27) | 32.6 | 18.4 | | 26.9 | 27.8 | 23.1 | | 29.9 | 22.8 | | 25.3 |
Medium (25th–75th centile)(28–46) | 51.5 | 54.0 | | 54.8 | 52.8 | 52.0 | | 49.8 | 54.5 | | 52.8 |
High (>75th centile) (⩾47) | 15.8 | 27.5 | | 18.3 | 19.3 | 24.8 | | 20.4 | 22.8 | | 21.8 |
Mean | 34.91 | 40.30 | | 36.68 | 35.98 | 39.26 | | 36.69 | 38.29 | | 37.69 |
(SD) | (14.10) | (14.55) | | (14.55) | (12.80) | (15.64) | | (14.86) | (14.41) | | (14.57) |