Age (ref: 18–24 years) |
25+ years | 0.97 | 0.90 | 1.04 | 1.17* | 1.08 | 1.26 | 1.01 | 0.97 | 1.05 | 1.35 | 0.77 | 2.38 |
Race/ethnicity (ref: White) |
Black | 0.63* | 0.59 | 0.67 | 0.80* | 0.75 | 0.86 | 0.70* | 0.68 | 0.73 | 1.02 | 0.84 | 1.23 |
Asian or Pacific Islander | 0.19* | 0.15 | 0.24 | 0.69* | 0.58 | 0.82 | 0.37* | 0.34 | 0.40 | 0.52* | 0.38 | 0.73 |
Hispanic | 0.27* | 0.25 | 0.29 | 0.61* | 0.57 | 0.65 | 0.53* | 0.50 | 0.56 | 0.93 | 0.69 | 1.26 |
Other | 1.28* | 1.08 | 1.51 | 1.57* | 1.30 | 1.88 | 1.62* | 1.47 | 1.79 | 1.52 | 0.84 | 2.74 |
Marriage status (ref Married) |
Widowed/divorced | 0.77* | 0.74 | 0.81 | 1.35* | 1.28 | 1.43 | 1.63* | 1.60 | 1.67 | 2.19* | 1.95 | 2.47 |
Separated | 2.39* | 2.19 | 2.60 | 2.41* | 2.13 | 2.71 | 2.92* | 2.77 | 3.08 | 2.18* | 1.55 | 3.07 |
Never married | 1.53* | 1.43 | 1.63 | 1.58* | 1.47 | 1.68 | 1.60* | 1.55 | 1.65 | 1.92* | 1.69 | 2.17 |
Region (ref: Northeast) |
Midwest | 1.18* | 1.11 | 1.25 | 1.17* | 1.09 | 1.25 | 1.07* | 1.04 | 1.10 | 1.04 | 0.91 | 1.20 |
South | 1.16* | 1.09 | 1.23 | 1.19* | 1.12 | 1.27 | 0.99 | 0.96 | 1.02 | 1.07 | 0.93 | 1.24 |
West | 1.26* | 1.17 | 1.37 | 1.08 | 1.00 | 1.17 | 0.94* | 0.90 | 0.97 | 0.95 | 0.80 | 1.12 |
Year (ref: 1993) |
1996 | 0.92* | 0.87 | 0.97 | 0.93* | 0.87 | 0.98 | 0.94* | 0.92 | 0.97 | 1.00 | 0.87 | 1.15 |
1999 | 0.91* | 0.86 | 0.97 | 0.94* | 0.88 | 1.00 | 0.92* | 0.90 | 0.95 | 0.85* | 0.73 | 0.99 |
2002 | 0.95 | 0.87 | 1.04 | 0.97 | 0.88 | 1.06 | 0.94* | 0.90 | 0.98 | 0.76* | 0.61 | 0.94 |
Policies |
Log (Price) | 0.74* | 0.62 | 0.89 | 0.70* | 0.58 | 0.85 | 0.83* | 0.76 | 0.90 | 1.21 | 0.79 | 1.85 |
Media | 0.86* | 0.82 | 0.96 | 0.92* | 0.86 | 1.00 | 0.89* | 0.86 | 0.92 | 0.93 | 0.79 | 1.09 |
Clean air | 0.91 | 0.80 | 1.03 | 0.96 | 0.84 | 1.09 | 0.88* | 0.83 | 0.94 | 0.83 | 0.61 | 1.13 |