Trends in inequality in under 5 mortality by socioeconomic and regional groups, Indonesia, 1982–1997
| Subgroup | Under 5 mortality rates (number of deaths/5000 person years) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1982–87 | 1986–91 | 1989–94 | 1992–97 | % Decline between first and last period | Trend estimate (95%CI)* | |
| *The trend estimates give the (multiplying) factor with which the hazard ratio changes between 1987 and 1997 when modelling a linear time trend in effect using data from all four surveys. †Comparing the two lowest with the two highest categories. ‡Comparing “not electrified rural” with “urban”. §Comparing Outer Islands with Java/Bali. | ||||||
| Total | 105.7 | 101.7 | 85.6 | 60.6 | 43 | |
| Maternal education | ||||||
| No education | 137.9 | 110.3 | 113.1 | 74.9 | 46 | |
| Some primary | 121.3 | 123.3 | 92.8 | 68.3 | 44 | |
| Primary completed | 88.8 | 100.5 | 84.2 | 69.8 | 21 | |
| Some secondary plus | 45.4 | 51.0 | 60.0 | 37.7 | 17 | |
| Rate difference | 92.5 | 59.3 | 53.1 | 37.2 | ||
| Hazard ratio† | 2.00 (1.60, 2.50) | 1.69 (1.45, 1.97) | 1.58 (1.33, 1.89) | 1.52 (1.27, 1.82) | 0.88 (0.68, 1.13) | |
| Household wealth | ||||||
| Poor | 151.3 | 135.0 | 119.9 | 93.1 | 38 | |
| Next-poor | 109.3 | 103.5 | 96.1 | 61.9 | 43 | |
| Next-rich | 94.7 | 103.8 | 79.0 | 64.8 | 32 | |
| Rich | 50.1 | 43.8 | 36.7 | 32.4 | 35 | |
| Rate difference | 101.2 | 91.2 | 83.3 | 60.7 | ||
| Hazard ratio† | 1.70 (1.38, 2.08) | 1.48 (1.26, 1.74) | 1.78 (1.47, 2.16) | 1.57 (1.27, 1.95) | 1.04 (0.81, 1.33) | |
| Community type | ||||||
| Not electrified rural | 126.9 | 124.0 | 112.4 | 92.7 | 27 | |
| Electrified rural | 108.2 | 89.1 | 84.3 | 55.1 | 49 | |
| Urban | 66.9 | 74.7 | 49.9 | 44.0 | 34 | |
| Rate difference | 60.1 | 49.3 | 62.5 | 48.8 | ||
| Hazard ratio‡ | 1.84 (1.48, 2.28) | 1.61 (1.25, 2.06) | 2.24 (1.66, 3.01) | 2.18 (1.70, 2.80) | 1.36 (0.99, 1.86) | |
| Island group | ||||||
| Outer Islands | 117.9 | 102.8 | 94.4 | 72.9 | 38 | |
| Java/Bali | 97.9 | 100.8 | 78.8 | 51.2 | 48 | |
| Rate difference | 20.0 | 2.0 | 15.6 | 21.7 | ||
| Hazard ratio§ | 1.16 (0.92, 1.46) | 1.01 (0.84, 1.22) | 1.21 (1.02, 1.45) | 1.43 (1.17, 1.74) | 1.27 (0.96, 1.67) | |