Significance level (defined by dividing parameters by their standard errors) of place effects measured across continuous space on healthcare utilisation, estimated from multilevel models with people nested within municipalities or broad areas, and spatial mixed models, France, 1998 and 2000
| Municipality level multilevel model | Broad area level multilevel model | Spatial mixed model | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome: no regular primary care physician | |||
| Socioeconomic status of the context, fourth quartile | 7.1 | 6.0 | 4.8 |
| Outcome: high percentage of specialist consultations | |||
| Socioeconomic status of the context, fourth quartile | 5.7 | 4.7 | 2.8 |
| Supply of specialists, fourth quartile | 3.4 | 3.3 | 2.4 |
| Supply of primary care physicians, fourth quartile | 3.3 | 3.0 | 1.7 |