Parental characteristics
|
Social class at birth | I and II | 1031 | 119.2 (14.7) | ref | <0.001 |
III NM | 1301 | 112.9 (15.6) | −6.32 (−7.59, −5.05) |
III M | 5185 | 107.5 (16.0) | −11.75 (−12.79, −10.71) |
IV | 1643 | 102.8 (14.8) | −16.43 (−17.64, −15.22) |
V (lowest) | 1920 | 100.4 (15.2) | −18.81 (−19.98, −17.63) |
Gravidity | 1 | 3812 | 109.4 (16.2) | ref | <0.001 |
2 | 3374 | 108.5 (16.3) | −0.87 (−1.62, −0.13) |
3 | 2126 | 106.2 (16.3) | −3.14 (−4.00, −2.29) |
4 | 1169 | 103.9 (16.2) | −5.50 (−6.56, −4.45) |
⩾5 | 1198 | 100.1 (15.2) | −9.32 (−10.37, −8.27) |
Birth outside marriage | No | 11181 | 107.3 (16.4) | ref | <0.001 |
Yes | 498 | 100.9 (15.5) | −6.39 (−7.86, −4.93) |
Maternal age at birth (years) | 15–19 | 530 | 102.1 (15.4) | ref | <0.001 |
20–24 | 3656 | 105.4 (15.8) | 3.22 (1.74, 4.71) |
25–29 | 3639 | 108.0 (16.5) | 5.84 (4.35, 7.33) |
30–34 | 2467 | 108.5 (16.7) | 6.40 (4.86, 7.93) |
35–39 | 1050 | 108.8 (16.7) | 6.65 (4.95, 8.36) |
⩾40 | 337 | 107.3 (16.7) | 5.17 (2.94, 7.40) |
Maternal height (inches) | ⩽60 | 2993 | 104.1 (16.3) | ref | <0.001 |
61 | 1855 | 106.1 (16.2) | 2.02 (1.08, 2.96) |
62 | 2080 | 107.5 (16.1) | 3.48 (2.57, 4.39) |
63 | 1702 | 108.0 (16.7) | 3.93 (2.97, 4.90) |
64 | 1433 | 109.1 (15.9) | 5.00 (3.97, 6.02) |
⩾65 | 1616 | 110.4 (16.4) | 6.30 (5.31, 7.28) |
Maternal physical condition | Very good or good | 4773 | 109.8 (16.0) | ref | <0.001 |
Mediocre | 3228 | 105.3 (16.1) | −4.47 (−5.18, −3.76) |
Very bad or bad | 797 | 99.9 (15.2) | −9.84 (−11.04, −8.65) |
Pregnancy characteristics
|
Pregnancy induced hypertension | No | 9702 | 106.7 (16.4) | ref | <0.001 |
Yes | 1977 | 109.0 (16.4) | 2.35 (1.56, 3.14) |
Antepartum haemorrhage | No | 11416 | 107.1 (16.4) | ref | 0.003 |
Yes | 263 | 104.1 (17.9) | −3.00 (−5.01, −0.99) |
Artificial rupture membranes | No | 9782 | 106.8 (16.4) | ref | 0.002 |
Yes | 1897 | 108.2 (16.6) | 1.30 (0.50, 2.11) |
Method of delivery | Normal vaginal | 10320 | 106.8 (16.4) | ref | <0.001 |
Forceps | 761 | 110.4 (16.4) | 3.63 (2.42, 4.83) |
Caesarean section | 340 | 111.8 (15.1) | 5.01 (3.25, 6.78) |
Other assisted delivery | 257 | 102.9 (16.7) | −3.88 (−5.91, −1.86) |
Birth characteristics
|
Gestational age (weeks) | < 37 | 737 | 103.0 (16.7) | −5.17 (−6.41, −3.96) | <0.001 |
37–40 | 7521 | 108.2 (16.1) | ref |
> 40 | 1095 | 107.4 (16.4) | −0.75 (−1.51, 0.02) |
Birth weight (kg) | Per kg | 11658 | | 4.21 (3.64, 4.79) | <0.001 |
Birth weight z score | Per SD | 10469 | | 1.62 (1.31, 1.94) | <0.001 |
Childhood characteristics
|
Height z score | Per SD | 11389 | | 3.36 (3.06, 3.65) | < 0.001 |
Weight z score | Per SD | 11389 | | 1.75 (1.45, 2.04) | < 0.001 |
BMI z score | Per SD | 11389 | | −0.11 (−0.41, 0.19) | 0.47 |
Number of siblings at time of 1962 survey | 0 | 1078 | 111.5 (17.0) | ref | <0.001 |
1 | 3525 | 111.2 (15.7) | −0.27 (−1.35, 0.80) |
2 | 2952 | 108.0 (15.9) | −3.56 (−4.66, −2.46) |
3 | 2001 | 104.3 (15.7) | −7.25 (−8.43, −6.09) |
⩾4 | 2107 | 99.2 (15.2) | −12.28 (−13.44, −11.12) |