Table 3

 Regressions of offspring height, sitting height, and leg length at age 7.5 years on maternal dietary variables (32 weeks’ gestation)

Daily dietary intake (SD units)Height (SD units)Sitting height (SD units)Leg length (SD units)
β*95% CI*p*β†95% CI†p†β*95% CI*p*β†95% CI†p†β*95% CI*p*β†95% CI†p†
*Minimally adjusted (sex, child’s age for height measurement, maternal pregnancy energy intake). †Fully adjusted (sex, age, energy intake, maternal factors (age, height, BMI, smoking in pregnancy), parity, breast feeding, social class, maternal education, and marital status).
Energy−0.01−0.04, 0.010.2−0.02−0.04, 0.010.2−0.01−0.04, 0.010.2−0.01−0.03, 0.010.4−0.01−0.03, 0.010.4−0.01−0.04, 0.010.2
Carbohydrate−0.05−0.12, 0.010.10.02−0.05, 0.080.6−0.06−0.12, 0.010.080.01−0.06, 0.080.8−0.04−0.10, 0.030.30.02−0.05, 0.080.6
Protein0.070.03, 0.110.0010.02−0.02, 0.060.30.060.02, 0.100.0030.02−0.02, 0.060.30.060.02, 0.100.0040.02−0.02, 0.060.4
Total fat−0.03−0.08, 0.030.3−0.04−0.10, 0.010.1−0.02−0.07, 0.040.5−0.04−0.09, 0.020.2−0.03−0.08, 0.030.3−0.03−0.09, 0.020.2
Saturated fat−0.002−0.01, 0.0020.3−0.002−0.01, 0.0020.3−0.002−0.01, 0.0020.3−0.003−0.01, 0.0010.2−0.002−0.01, 0.0020.4−0.001−0.005, 0.0030.6
Polyunsaturated fat0.01−0.02, 0.040.40.002−0.03, 0.030.90.02−0.01, 0.050.10.02−0.01, 0.040.30.003−0.03, 0.030.8−0.01−0.04, 0.020.6
Monounsaturated fat−0.01−0.07, 0.040.6−0.01−0.07, 0.040.6−0.0005−0.06, 0.060.99−0.01−0.07, 0.050.8−0.02−0.08, 0.030.4−0.01−0.07, 0.040.6
Calcium0.040.01, 0.080.020.02−0.02, 0.050.30.050.01, 0.080.010.02−0.02, 0.060.30.03−0.001, 0.070.060.01−0.02, 0.050.5
Potassium0.060.02, 0.100.0040.03−0.01, 0.070.10.060.02, 0.100.010.03−0.01, 0.070.20.050.01, 0.090.020.03−0.01, 0.070.2
Magnesium0.100.07, 0.14<0.0010.050.01, 0.080.010.090.06, 0.13<0.0010.050.01, 0.090.010.090.06, 0.13<0.0010.04−0.001, 0.070.05
Iron0.080.05, 0.12<0.0010.040.01, 0.080.020.070.04, 0.11<0.0010.050.01, 0.090.010.070.04, 0.11<0.0010.03−0.01, 0.070.1
Retinol−0.01−0.04, 0.020.4−0.01−0.03, 0.020.5−0.001−0.03, 0.020.9−0.001−0.03, 0.020.9−0.02−0.04, 0.010.2−0.01−0.04, 0.010.3
Vitamin C0.050.03, 0.08<0.0010.02−0.01, 0.040.20.050.02, 0.07<0.0010.02−0.01, 0.040.20.040.02, 0.070.0010.01−0.02, 0.040.4
Vitamin D0.040.02, 0.070.0020.01−0.01, 0.040.30.040.02, 0.070.0010.02−0.01, 0.040.20.030.01, 0.060.010.01−0.02, 0.040.5
Folate0.050.01, 0.080.010.02−0.02, 0.050.30.040.01, 0.070.010.02−0.02, 0.050.30.040.01, 0.070.010.01−0.02, 0.040.5
Omega-3 fatty acids0.040.01, 0.060.0040.01−0.01, 0.030.40.040.02, 0.060.0010.02−0.01, 0.040.10.030.003, 0.050.030.003−0.02, 0.030.8
Milk−0.002−0.03, 0.020.90.01−0.02, 0.030.50.002−0.02, 0.030.90.01−0.02, 0.030.7−0.005−0.03, 0.020.70.01−0.01, 0.040.4
Meat−0.02−0.04, 0.010.2−0.005−0.03, 0.020.7−0.02−0.05, 0.0020.07−0.02−0.04, 0.010.2−0.01−0.04, 0.020.40.01−0.02, 0.030.6
Fish0.030.01, 0.050.020.01−0.02, 0.030.50.030.01, 0.060.010.02−0.01, 0.040.20.02−0.002, 0.050.080.0002−0.02, 0.020.98
Fruit0.060.03, 0.08<0.0010.01−0.01, 0.040.30.060.03, 0.08<0.0010.02−0.01, 0.040.20.050.02, 0.07<0.0010.01−0.02, 0.030.6
Vegetables0.01−0.01, 0.040.3−0.0003−0.02, 0.020.980.02−0.004, 0.040.10.01−0.02, 0.030.60.01−0.02, 0.030.6−0.01−0.03, 0.020.5