Maternal outcomes at first and second follow up (12 and 18 months after randomisation)
| Support health visitor intervention | Support health visitor/control | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n/N | Community group support intervention | Control group | Relative risk (95% CI) | Community group support/control | |||||||
| *In the EPDS and the GHQ12, the higher the mean score, the greater the likelihood of depression.†Maternal self assessment—asked to chose between “good” and “not very good” health. ‡In the DUFSS, the higher the mean score, the less satisfactory the social support received. §DBM, difference between means. | |||||||||||
| Maternal depression | |||||||||||
| Follow up 1—Edinburgh postnatal depression scale score* above depression threshold (⩾12) | 38/149 | 26% | 43/155 | 28% | 90/303 | 30% | 0.86 (0.62, 1.19) | 0.93 (0.69, 1.27) | |||
| Follow up 2—general health questionnaire 12* score above the depression threshold (⩾12) | 70/136 | 52% | 77/143 | 54% | 145/270 | 54% | 0.96 (0.79, 1.17) | 1.00 (0.83, 1.21) | |||
| Maternal smoking | |||||||||||
| Follow up 1—mother is a smoker | 39/165 | 24% | 44/164 | 27% | 90/327 | 28% | 0.86 (0.62, 1.19) | 0.97 (0.72, 1.33) | |||
| Follow up 2—mother is a smoker | 35/145 | 24% | 41/157 | 26% | 73/296 | 25% | 0.98 (0.69, 1.39) | 1.06 (0.76, 1.47) | |||
| Maternal health (self assessed)† | |||||||||||
| Follow up 1—not very good health in last month | 28/163 | 17% | 29/160 | 18% | 77/326 | 24% | 0.73 (0.49, 1.07) | 0.77 (0.52, 1.13) | |||
| Follow up 2—not very good health in past month | 43/145 | 30% | 49/157 | 31% | 96/296 | 32% | 0.91 (0.68, 1.23) | 0.96 (0.72, 1.28) | |||
| Social resources | |||||||||||
| Follow up 2—mean Duke/UNC functional social support score‡ | 132 | 18.0 | (7.3) | 145 | 18.5 | (7.5) | 273 | 18.5 | (7.8) | DBM§ −0.8 (−1.75, 0.35) | DBM −0.5 (−1.59, 0.61) |
| Experiences of motherhood: child health and development concerns | |||||||||||
| Follow up 1—mother worries about child’s health | 39/162 | 24% | 44/164 | 27% | 112/324 | 35% | 0.70 (0.51, 0.95) | 0.78 (0.58, 1.04) | |||
| Follow up 1—mother worries that child development “not normal” | 8/162 | 5% | 5/156 | 3% | 18/322 | 6% | 0.88 (0.39, 1.99) | 0.56 (0.22, 1.52) | |||
| Follow up 2—mother worries about child’s speech | 9/143 | 6% | 26/155 | 17% | 40/293 | 14% | 0.46 (0.23, 0.92) | 1.23 (0.78, 1.93) | |||
| Follow up 2—mother worries about child’s eating habits | 21/143 | 15% | 45/155 | 29% | 57/293 | 20% | 0.75 (0.48, 1.19) | 1.49 (1.06, 2.09) | |||
| Follow up 2—mother worries about child’s sleeping habits | 16/143 | 11% | 23/155 | 15% | 36/293 | 12% | 0.91 (0.52, 1.50) | 1.21 (0.74, 1.96) | |||
| Follow up 2—mean number of mother’s child development worries (SD) | 142 | 0.7 | (0.9) | 156 | 1.0 | (1.2) | 293 | 0.9 | (1.2) | DBM −0.2 (−0.42, −0.01) | DBM 0.1 (−0.10, 0.36) |
| Health service use | |||||||||||
| Follow up 1—maternal use of NHS health visitor at clinic in past month | 13/165 | 8% | 7/164 | 4% | 9/328 | 3% | 2.87 (1.25, 6.58) | 1.56 (0.59, 4.10) | |||
| Follow up 1—mother has spoken to NHS health visitor on telephone in past month | 11/165 | 7% | 1/164 | 1% | 3/328 | 1% | 7.29 (2.06, 25.77) | 0.67 (0.07, 6.36) | |||
| Follow up 1—maternal use of general practitioner (GP) in past month | 71/165 | 43% | 67/164 | 41% | 152/328 | 46% | 0.93 (0.75, 1.15) | 0.88 (0.71, 1.10) | |||
| Follow up 1—maternal use of social worker in past month | 7/165 | 4% | 2/164 | 1% | 3/328 | 1% | 4.64 (1.22, 17.71) | 1.33 (0.22, 7.90) | |||
| Follow up 1—maternal use of hospital doctor in past month | 20/165 | 12% | 21/164 | 13% | 43/328 | 13% | 0.92 (0.56, 1.52) | 0.98 (0.60, 1.59) | |||
| Follow up 2—maternal use of midwife in past month | 6/145 | 4% | 8/158 | 5% | 35/298 | 12% | 0.35 (0.15, 0.82) | 0.43 (0.20, 0.91) | |||