Table 4

 Multilevel logistic regression models predicting lifetime depression*

Built environmentEstimatep ValueOR†Low CIHigh CI
*Model adjusted for neighbourhood income, individual income, age, sex, and race/ethnicity. †Odds ratio for a one standard deviation increase in the percentage of a particular characteristic of the built environment.
Internal Percentage of housing units experiencing toilet breakdowns0.02550.57231.10430.78271.5580
Percentage of housing units with some non-functioning kitchen facilities0.22170.01261.37971.07121.7767
Percentage of housing units experiencing over three heat breakdowns in winter0.10010.00511.44221.11641.8637
Percentage of housing units needing additional heating in winter0.07860.00051.57571.22092.0336
Percentage of housing units with a large area of peeling plaster or paint0.09680.00481.39711.10771.7616
Percentage of housing units with internal water leakage0.02560.25461.16410.89651.5124
External Percentage of buildings observed to be in dilapidated condition0.10970.17091.15800.93871.4284
Percentage of buildings observed to be in deteriorating condition0.06690.03331.28931.02031.6285
Percentage of buildings with any external wall problems0.00710.89091.02080.76161.3682
Percentage of buildings with any window problems0.10130.05731.32650.99141.7748
Percentage of buildings with any exterior or interior stairway problems0.05280.18191.25470.89931.7507
Number of structural fires0.00200.00101.48311.17081.8421
Percentage of acceptably clean streets0.00130.94671.01100.74141.3775
Percentage of acceptably clean sidewalks−0.02720.26050.80900.55971.1695