Mean (SD) values of coronary heart disease risk factor measurements by educational level and gender
| Educational level | p Value* | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Secondary | High | ||
| *p Value adjusted for age through analysis of covariance; | ||||
| †according to Friedewald’s formula—LDL cholesterol = total cholesterol−HDL cholesterol−(triglycerides/5); | ||||
| ‡for fasting subjects only. | ||||
| Men | ||||
| Age (y, mean (SD)) | 60.8 (8.3) | 58.0 (8.8) | 58.9 (8.2) | p<0.001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2, mean (SD)) | 28.4 (4.0) | 28.4 (4.2) | 27.8 (3.8) | p<0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg, mean (SD)) | 139.8 (21.8) | 139.4 (20.5) | 137.5 (20.3) | p = 0.006 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg, mean (SD)) | 81.7 (11.6) | 83.5 (11.5) | 83.4 (11.6) | p<0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/l, mean (SD)) | 5.27 (1.20) | 5.36 (1.38) | 5.20 (1.18) | p = 0.01 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/l, mean (SD)) | 1.18 (0.31) | 1.18 (0.31) | 1.21 (0.32) | p = 0.03 |
| LDL cholesterol† (mmol/l, mean (SD)) | 3.31 (1.08) | 3.35 (1.23) | 3.23 (1.02) | p = 0.09 |
| Triglycerides‡ (mmol/l, mean (SD)) | 1.79 (1.21) | 1.84 (1.16) | 1.73 (1.04) | p = 0.10 |
| Glucose‡ (mmol/l, mean (SD)) | 6.79 (2.56) | 6.41 (1.85) | 6.23 (1.85) | p<0.001 |
| Women | ||||
| Age (y, mean (SD)) | 62.2 (8.3) | 59.8 (8.3) | 59.5 (8.6) | p<0.001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2, mean (SD)) | 29.6 (5.4) | 29.2 (5.4) | 27.7 (5.6) | p<0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg, mean (SD)) | 145.6 (24.2) | 142.2 (23.7) | 139.9 (23.4) | p = 0.17 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg, mean (SD)) | 81.9 (11.8) | 81.3 (12.0) | 81.9 (11.7) | p = 0.55 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/l, mean (SD)) | 5.72 (1.62) | 5.61 (1.28) | 5.67 (1.57) | p = 0.61 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/l, mean (SD)) | 1.36 (0.35) | 1.37 (0.36) | 1.45 (0.41) | p = 0.005 |
| LDL cholesterol† (mmol/l, mean (SD)) | 3.58 (1.30) | 3.43 (1.16) | 3.38 (1.22) | p = 0.09 |
| Triglycerides‡ (mmol/l, mean (SD)) | 1.79 (1.08) | 1.81 (0.92) | 1.73 (1.08) | p = 0.21 |
| Glucose‡ (mmol/l, mean (SD)) | 6.92 (2.94) | 6.68 (2.54) | 6.30 (2.07) | p = 0.03 |